1. Protestant Reformation
Why was the Church coming under criticism (weakening) during the high Middle Ages/Renaissance?
Crusades
Bubonic Plague
Humanism & the Scientific Revolution
Rise of Strong Government (Decline of feudalism)

2. The Protestant Reformation
What is the difference between revolution and reformation?

3. How has Christianity been divided up until this era?

4. Martin Luther Law school Enters monastery (search of salvation)
Struck by lightening
Enters monastery (search of salvation)
Church’s methods for overcoming sin did not relieve feeling of damnation
Studies Bible
Revelation: ceremonies/deeds mean nothing – what matters most = INNER faith IN GOD

5. Rebuilding of St. Peter’s Basilica (Rome)
Tetzal (monk) assigned to raise funds
He sells “indulgences” – pardon from punishment and sin (in order to raise money)

6. “Every time a coin in the coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs

7. What is wrong with the sale of indulgences?
Not in the bible
People not repentent
Only rich will obtain salvation!

8. (1517) Luther posts “95 Theses” on church door (Wittenberg, Germany)
Sale of indulgences declines, news spreads across Europe (Gutenberg)

9. Consequences: Pope declares Luther a heretic
(1521) Summoned to Imperial Diet (meeting w/ruler of Empire – City of Worms)
Luther refuses to renounce ideas
excommunicated!
Sale/printing of his works prohibited
Translates Bible - German (why?)

10. Why didn’t Luther encounter fierce opposition within Germany?
Lack of strong central government (control)
Resentment of Church taxes /land
Princes wanted independence from Holy Roman Emperor
Peace of Augsburg: each German ruler had right to choose the religion for his state

11. Do Now: Why did Martin Luther separate from the Roman Catholic Church?
What were Martin Luther’s religious ideas?

12. John Calvin Priest/lawyer Flees France (Catholic persecution)
Founds a Protestant Church in Switzerland
(1536) Publishes religious beliefs ~ “Institutes of the Christian Religion”

13. Calvinist Beliefs: Theocracy: church and state ruled by same people
Strict code of conduct
live simply & work hard; spiritual life
Predestination: God alone, decided at the beginning of time who would go to heaven
Why should people lead a good life if God already determined their fate?
The Protestant Work Ethic: success and hard work show that you are predestined!
The “predestined,” (the “elect”), form a community expected to live up to their position by having high moral standards ~ Strict Morality
Appealed to middle class

14. The Anglican Church The Protestant Church of England
King Henry VIII ( )

15. Spread of Protestantism
CHRISTIANITY
Roman Catholic
Eastern Orthodox
Protestantism
Lutheran
Anglican
Calvinism
Hundreds of SECTS arise across Europe ~ based on their interpretation of the Bible!

16. Do Now:
If you were Pope Paul III during the 1500’s, how would you respond to the Protestant Reformation?

17. TURNITIN.COM Maddy Robert Teddy Austin Olivia Alex Lauren Jenni
Global I: Period 8 1. Reformation Quiz – tomorrow 2. Ren/Ref Test Tuesday
TURNITIN.COM
Maddy
Robert
Teddy
Austin
Olivia
Alex
Lauren
Jenni

18. Catholic (Counter) Reformation: A Reaction to the Protestants A movement to reform the Catholic Church and fight Protestants (1500’s)
AGENDA:
Revive moral authority of church; get rid of corruption
Council of Trent: meeting of church officials to reaffirm beliefs (doctrine)

19. What traditional beliefs did they have to reaffirm?
Salvation comes from faith & good works
Bible is not only source of religious truths
God grants forgiveness through church (not merit)
Need for ceremonies (God deserves such worship!)

20. Church Reform Reformed finances Banned sale of indulgences
Educated/Training of Clergy - Penalties
The Inquisition: Church Court (setup during MA) to stamp out corruption
Searched for heretical behavior
Secret testimony, torture, execution
The Index: published list of forbidden books
Expulsion Jews/Muslims

21. ST. TERESA OF AVILA
ST. IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA