1. Where Are Migrants Distributed?
Chapter 3 Key Issue one

2. Migration
Mobility is most generalized term that refers to all types of movements
Journeying each day to work or school
Weekly visits to local shops
Annual trips to visit relatives who live in a different state
Short-term and repetitive acts of mobility are referred to as circulation.
Ex. College students moving to college each fall and returning home each spring

3. Migration A permanent move to a new location constitutes migration.
Emigration is migration from a location.
Immigration is migration to a location.
Difference between the number of immigrants and number emigrants is a place’s net migration.

4. Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration
19th Century geographer E. G. Ravenstein wrote a series of “laws” about the tendencies of migrants. Laws just means theories
Most people migrate for economic reasons.
Most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country.
Long-distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activity.
Most long-distance migrants are male.
Most long-distance migrants are adult individuals rather than families with children.
Most long-distance migrants are young adults seeking work rather than children or elderly people.

5. Types of Migration Migration can be divided into two categories.
International Migration- permanent move from one country to another
Voluntary
Forced
Internal Migration- permanent move within the same country
Interregional
Intraregional
Remember that there is a gray area between voluntary and forced. It often comes down to what the government is willing to believe.
Easy way to remember the difference is inter is like interstate

6. International and Internal Migration
FIGURE 3.4 INTERNATIONAL AND INTERNAL MIGRATION Mexico has international migration into the country from Central America and out of the country to the United States. Mexico also has internal migration, especially interregional migration to states near the U.S. border and intraregional migration into Mexico City.
People may move near the border to work in what are called machialadores, factories that serve US businesses but offer work at cheaper rates
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7. International Migration Patterns
Approximately 9 percent of the world’s people are international migrants.
Global pattern reflects migration tendencies from developing countries to developed countries.
Net Out-Migration: Asia, Latin America, and Africa
Net In-Migration: North America, Europe, and Oceania

8. Global Migration Patterns
FIGURE 3-6 GLOBAL MIGRATION PATTERNS The width of the arrows shows the amount of net migration between regions of the world. Countries with net in-migration are in red, and those with net outmigration are in blue.
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9. US Immigration Patterns
U.S. has more foreign-born residents than any other country: approximately 40 million, 13 percent of the population
Three main eras of immigration in the U.S.
Colonial settlement in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
Mass European immigration in the late 19th and early twentieth centuries
Asian and Latin American integration in the late Twentieth and early twenty-first centuries
US Immigration Patterns
First era was marked by immigration from Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa. Most from Africa were forced to migrate as slaves.
In the beginning of the second era, most migrants came from northern and western Europe. By the turn of the 20th Century, most migrants came from southern and eastern Europe.
Third era marked a shift in the sending continents. Asia and Latin America were primary places of migrant origins.

10. Immigration to the United States
FIGURE 3-7 IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES Europeans comprised more than 90 percent of immigrants to the United States during the nineteenth century. Since the 1980s, Latin American and Asia have been the dominant sources of immigrants.
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11. Destination of Immigrants by US State
FIGURE 3-8 DESTINATION OF IMMIGRANTS BY U.S. STATE California, New York, Florida, and Texas are the leading destinations for immigrants.
Where are people going? Why go there?
Something called chain migration- follow your family
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12. Migration Transition Model
Created by Wilbur Zelinsky.
Closely follows the Demographic Transition Model
Stage One (Premodern Traditional Society): Large amounts of seasonal migration, but little to no permanent migration.
Stage Two (Early Transitional Society):
Internally: High rate of rural to urban migration.
Internationally: High rate of emigration.
Stage Three (Late Transitional Society):
Internally: Urban-to-urban migration surpasses rural-to-urban migration
Internationally: Net out-migration begins to be surpassed by net in- migration.

13. Migration Transition Model
Stage Four (Advanced Society):
Internally: Rural to urban migration continues but is reduced
Internationally: Continued rising levels of net in-migration.
Possible Stage Five (Future Superadvanced Society):
Internally: Nearly all migration may be of the interurban and intraurban variety.