1. Structure and Function
The Cell
Structure and Function

2. Recall the Cell Theory 1. The cell is the basic unit of life
2. All living things are composed of one or more cells
3. All cells come from other cells

3. Types of Cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Ex: Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Have membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
Ex: Cheek Cell (Human), Plant cell

4. Types of Living Things Unicellular Multicellular
Composed of only one cell
Multicellular
Composed of many cells

5. Basic Structures Animal Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Plant
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Large Vacuole*
Cell Wall*
Chloroplast*

6. SpecializedStructures
Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)#
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Body#
Mitochondria#
#Membrane Bound Organelles
Lysosome#
Cytoskeleton
Centriole
Cilia
Flagella

7. Ribosome Function: Build protein using mRNA and amino acids (on tRNA)
Some ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm
Some ribosomes are attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

8. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
There are two types of ER:
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

9. RER Ribosomes are attached to it, giving it a rough appearance
Transports proteins made by the ribosomes on surface to other places (especially Golgi body)
Helps produce cell membranes

10. SER Smooth appearance because there are no ribosomes attached to it
Has enzymes that break down toxins (like alcohol)
Helps produce lipids

11. Golgi Body (or Golgi Apparatus)
Vesicles from the RER bring proteins here
Processes, sorts and sends proteins to their proper destinations in & outside of the cell (FedEx of the cell)

12. Mitochondria
Breaks down organic molecules (glucose) to make ATP for energy (Cellular Respiration!)
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) : an energy-storing molecule (gasoline for the cell); your cells break it down quickly to release needed energy
There are a lot of mitochondria in the muscles and heart because they need lots of energy

13. Lysosomes Membrane-bound organelle
Contains digestive enzymes that break down food and old parts of the cell

14. Cytoskeleton Long, thin structure in the cytoplasm
Gives shape and structure to the cell

15. Centriole Only present when the cell is dividing
Play an important role in cell reproduction

16. Cilia Flagella Enable unicellular organisms to move
Cilia is hairlike, flagella is like a tail
In multicellular organisms:
Cilia found in the windpipe move mucus out of the lungs
Flagella help sperm move

17. Make sure you know function of the following structures:
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Large Central Vacuole

18. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Cilia
Flagella
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Nucleus
Chromosomes
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

19. Study Resources: www.cellsalive.com
Interactive organelle review!
Take a quiz and get your score!
View pictures of cells under a microscope!