1. Chapter 02: The Internet, the Web, and Electronic Commerce

2. Competencies (1 of 2) Discuss the origins of the Internet and the Web
Describe how to access the Web using providers and browsers
Discuss Internet communications, including , instant messaging, social networking, blogs, microblogs, and wikis.
At the end of this chapter you should be able to:
1. Discuss the origins of the Internet and the Web.
2. Describe how to access the Web using providers and browsers.
3. Discuss Internet communications, including , instant messaging,
and social networking.
4. Describe search tools, including search engines and metasearch engines.
5. Discuss electronic commerce, including B2C, C2C, B2B, and security
issues.
6. Describe cloud computing, including the three-way interaction of clients, Internet, and service
providers.
7. Describe these Web utilities including plug-ins, filters, file transfer utilities,
and Internet security suites.

3. Competencies (2 of 2)
Describe search tools, including search engines, metasearch engines, and specialized search engines.
Evaluate the accuracy of information on the Web.
Discuss electronic commerce, including B2C, C2C, B2B, and security issues.
Describe cloud computing, including the three-way interaction of clients, Internet, and service providers.
Describe Web utilities including plug-ins, filters, file transfer utilities , and Internet security suites.

4. Introduction
The Internet is often referred to as the Information Superhighway because it connects millions of people across the globe.
Unlike a typical highway, the Internet moves ideas, data, and information through networks.
The Web provides an easy-to-use, intuitive multimedia interface to connect to the Internet.
Competent end users need to be aware of the resources available on the Internet and the Web.

5. The Internet and the Web
The Internet is the largest global network, connecting smaller networks worldwide
The Internet was launched in 1969
National computer network
US funded project called ARPANET
The World Wide Web or WWW was introduced in 1991 at CERN
Most developed network system currently in use; connects people all over the world
Originally started in 1969 when US funded a research project (ARPANET— Advanced Research Project Agency Network)
CERN – Center for European Nuclear Research
World Wide Web (Web) is a part of the Internet – not the Internet; introduced in 1992 by consortium in Switzerland.
Originally started as research and text-based network to exchange research ideas from university to university
Developed into a network of networks
One of the most powerful tools of the 21st century
How would your life be different if the Internet did not exist?
Internet & Web further clarified
Internet is the actual physical network comprised of wires, cables (Key Term), & satellites
Being connected to the network is often referred to as being online (Key Term)
The Web is a multimedia interface to resources available on the internet

6. Common Internet Uses Communicating Online Shopping Searching
Exchange
Discussion groups
Online Shopping
Searching
Virtual libraries
Entertainment
Education or e-learning
Most common Internet applications
Communicating - sending and discussion group participation
You can chat live with others
Ask students what chat software they use
Shopping – fastest-growing applications
Searching - using virtual libraries
Entertainment – music downloads; integration of TV and PC
Education or e-learning (Key Term)
You can take classes on almost any subject (Key Term)
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7. Access
Common way to access the Internet is through a Commercial Internet Service Providers (ISP)
National Service Providers
Wireless service providers
The common way to access the Internet is through a provider or host computer
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - already connected to the Internet -- furnish a pathway for other users
Typical providers include:
Colleges and universities – usually “free”
Internet service providers (ISP) (Key Term)can be local (regional) or national
Ask students to identify various ISPs used in their environment
Types of service providers
National – like Comcast, Qwest, and Verizon
Wireless
No telephone lines used
Provide connection through wireless modems (Key Term)
Client-server network is comprised of users that are connected to a ISP via a variety of connecting technologies (dial-up (Key Term), telephone connections, wireless modems, DSLs (Key Term), etc…)
The users computer is the client that requests services from the provider’s computer or server

8. Browsers Programs that provide access to Web resources
Allow you to surf the Internet
Popular Web browsers include:
Mozilla Firefox
Apple Safari
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Google Chrome
Address or location of the resource must be specified
URL
Browsers allow you to search or surf (Key Term) the Web
Navigate, search for information and communicate using the Web
Use URL (uniform resource locator) (Key Term) to connect to other resources

9. URLs Uniform Resource Locators
All URLs have at least two parts
Protocol
Domain name
Top-level domains (TLDs) provide further information about the website
Two parts to URL:
protocol (Key Term), rules for exchanging data between computers (usually
domain name (Key Term) also known as a top-level domain (Key Term) or server where the resource is located (

10. More on Browsers Browsers interpret HTML commands
Hypertext Markup Language
Contained in a document
Display document as a Web page
Browser is software that allows users to navigate the Web and read the multimedia formatted pages
Connect to Web sites using URL addresses (uniform resource locator)
Document is sent to computer usually coded in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) (Key Term) or some variation
Interprets the HTML codes displaying page
May contain
Hyperlinks (Key Term) -- allow users to quickly connect to other pages or Web sites
Graphics
Text
Multimedia elements
Web server– the computer that stores and shares graphics, test, audio & video clip files
Web pages contain links (Key Term) to programs called applets (Key Term)
These are special programs written in a programming language called Java (Key Term)
These programs can be quickly downloaded and run by most browsers

11. Communication Most popular Internet activity Types of communication
Electronic Mail ( )
Instant Messaging
Social Networking
Communication is the most popular Internet activity
Types of communications:
(Key Term)
Instant Messaging (Key Term)
Social Networking (Key Term)

12. E-Mail Transmission of electronic messages over the Internet
Basic parts
Header
Address
Subject
Attachment
Message
Signature Line
or electronic mail (Key Term)
Transmission of electronic messages over the Internet
Has three basic parts: header (Key Term), message (Key Term), and signature line (Key Term)
Header (Key Term)
Address (Key Term)
Subject (Key Term) – very important to include this in a message
Attachments (Key Term)
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13. E-Mail Address Example
Internet uses the domain name system (DNS), which gives names and numbers to people and computers
Address (Key Term) has two parts
User name - identifies unique user or computer in the domain
Domain name (Key Term) - references a specific organization
Top-level domain code identification includes geographical location or organizational identification
.com = commercial
.edu = education and research
.org = organizations (usually non-profit)
.net = major network centers (usually easier to access than commercial)
.gov = government
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14. Spam Junk and/or unwanted e-mail
Computer viruses or destructive programs are often attached to unsolicited
CAN-SPAM Act
Spam blockers use a variety of approaches to identify and control spam
Spam blockers are also referred to as:
Junk mail filters
Anti-spam programs
Spam (Key Term) – unsolicited
Distraction, Nuisance
Computer viruses (Key Term) can also be attached to spam
Spam blockers (Key Term) use a variety of different approaches to identify and eliminate spam
CAN-SPAM Act requires that every marketing related provide an opt- out option
Tips to blocking spam:
Choose a complex address
Keep a low profile
Don’t ever respond to spam
Use ez-mail filter options
Use anti-spam
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15. Instant Messaging
Extension of that provides direct, live communication between two or more people
Instant messaging programs also include:
Video conferencing features
File sharing
Remote assistance
Most widely used instant messaging services:
AOL’s Instant Messenger
Microsoft’s MSN Messenger
Yahoo Messenger
Instant Messaging (Key Term)
Extension of that allows two or more people to contact each other via direct, live communication
To use instant message, specify list of friends (Key Term) and register with an instant messaging server
Some services include video and file-sharing
Different services do not always play well together. Universal instant messenger (Key Word) programs are being developed (i.e. Digsby, Pidgin, Qnext), to overcome this limitation.
Direct students to p. 35 for table on Spam Blocker(s)
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16. Social Networking One of the fastest growing uses of the Internet
Three basic categories:
Reuniting sites
Friend-of-a-friend sites
Common interest sites
Social Networking (Key Term)
One of the fastest growing uses of the Internet
Connecting individuals to one another
Three basic categories
Reunite – member databases used for finding long lost friends (Classmates Online and Facebook)
Friend of a friend – connecting friends of friends via profile information (Friendster and MySpace)
Common interest – connecting those with common interests or hobbies
Consider carefully the information you are disclosing when joining social networking sites.
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17. Blogs, Microblogs, and Wikis
Web logs or blogs – postings that are date- and time-stamped and then arranged with the most recent items shown first
Microblogs – short status updates or sentences that answer the question:
What are you doing now?
Wiki – a specially designed Web site that allows visitors to edit the contents (e.g., fill in missing information)
Popular blogs include Blogger and WordPress
Twitter is the most popular microblog
Wikipedia is an example of using a wiki as an online encyclopedia

18. Search Tools Search engines Metasearch engines
Specialized search engines
Content Evaluation
Specialized programs that assist you in locating information on the Web and the Internet
Search services (Key Term) help you locate information; they maintain the database that helps you get where you want
Special programs called spiders (Key Term) continually look for information and updated services
Search engines (Key Term) – assist you to locate information
Use keyword search (Key Term); know “rules” i.e. use + or quotes to look for phrases rather than individual words
Use directory search (Key Term) – list of categories or topics; also known as index search (Key Term)
Examples
AOL
Ask Jeeves
Google
Bing
Yahoo!
Metasearch engines (Key Term) – programs that automatically submit your search request to several search engines simultaneously
Specialized search engines (Key Term) - Programs that focus on subject specific Web sites

19. Search Engines Specialized programs to assist in locating information
Types of searches
Keyword search
Directory search
Keyword search (Key Term) – enter a keyword or a phrase reflecting the information you want
Returns a number of hits (Key Term)
Each hit includes a hyperlink
Directory search (Key Term)
Known as an index search
Select a category or topic that fits the information you want
Note: a recent study by the NEC Research Institute found that any one search engine includes only a fraction of the informational sources on the Web. Therefore, it is good to use more than one search engine when researching important topics.
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20. Metasearch Engines Return
Programs that automatically submit your search request to several engines simultaneously
The engine receives the results, eliminates duplicates, orders hits, and then provides the edited list to you
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21. Specialized Search Engines
Programs that focus on subject specific Web sites
Specialized sites can potentially save you time by narrowing your search
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22. Content Evaluation Not all information on the web is accurate
Ways to evaluate accuracy of Web information include:
Authority
Accuracy
Objectivity
Currency
Anyone can publish to the web
Not all Web information has been subjected to peer review or submission guidelines
Ways to evaluate accuracy of Web information:
Authority – Is author an expert in the subject area? Is the site an official site for the information presented, or, is it an individual person’s Web site?
Accuracy – Is the information subject to critical review prior to posting? Does the site provide a means to report errors to the author?
Objectivity – Is the information factual, or does the author have a bias?
Currency – Is the information current? Is there a “published on” date or “updated on” date indicated?
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23. Electronic Commerce Also known as e-commerce
Buying and selling of goods over the Internet
Business-to-consumer (B2C)
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
Web auctions
Business-to-business (B2B)
Electronic commerce is buying and selling over the Internet
Three basic types of electronic commerce: business to consumer; consumer to consumer; and business to business
B2C (Key Term)
Involves the sale of a product or service to the general public or end users
C2C (Key Term)
Involves individuals selling to individuals
B2B (Key Term)
Involves the sale of a product or service from one business to another

24. Business to Business
Involves the sale of a product or service from one business to another (B2B)
Primarily a manufacturer supplier relationship
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25. Business to Consumer Fastest growing type of e-commerce
Three most widely used B2C applications:
Online banking
Financial trading
Shopping
B2C is fastest growing type of e-commerce
Three types
Online banking (Key Term)
Becoming a standard feature of banking institutions
Customers use standard browser to perform many banking operations
Financial trading
Online stock trading allows investors to research, buy, and sell stocks and bonds over the Internet
Shopping
Buying and selling of consumer goods via the Internet
Sites exist that provide support for consumers looking to compare products and locate bargains
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26. Consumer to Consumer Web Auctions
Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce (C2C)
Similar to traditional auctions
Types
Auction house sites
Person-to-person auction sites
Recent trend in C2C e-commerce is Web auctions (Key Term); similar to traditional auctions – no one sees each other
Auction house sites (Key Term) – merchandise presented for auction
Person-person auction sites (Key Term) – more like flea markets; forum for buyers and sellers to gather Similar to Web traditional auctions
Buyers and sellers seldom meet face-to-face
Ask the students if they have ever used E-bay
Example auction sites include Amazon, Bidz, eBay, Sotheby’s, and Yahoo!
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27. Security Payment methods must be fast, reliable, and secure
Three basic options
Checks
Credit card
Digital cash
A challenge is the payment for goods
Should be reliable, secure, and fast
Electronic payment -- easy, secure payment method
Checks -- slowest and least convenient
Credit cards -- easier to work with, somewhat vulnerable to theft
Criminals known as carders (Key Term) specialize in stealing, trading, and using stolen credit cards over the internet
Digital cash (Key Term)
Purchased from third party (usually a special bank); more secure than credit cards
Providers include Ecash, Google, Internet Cash, and PayPal

28. Cloud Computing
Shifts computing activities from users’ desktops to computers on the Internet
Frees end-users from owning, maintaining, and storing software programs and data
Three basic components:
Clients (end-users)
Service providers
The Internet
Basic components include:
Clients: corporations and end-users who want access to data, programs, and storage anywhere and anytime a connection to the Internet is available
Service providers: organizations that are willing to provide (sometimes for a fee) access to software and storage
Internet connectivity
Two critical factors that determine the efficiency of cloud computing
The speed and reliability of the user’s access to the Internet
Internet’s capability to provide safe and reliable transmission of data and programs

29. Web Utilities
Specialized utility programs that make using the Internet & Web safer and easier
Plug-Ins
Filters
File Transfer Utilities
Internet Security Suites
Plug-ins (Key Term) -- automatically loaded by and work with your browser; Acrobat Reader; Cosmos from Silicon Graphics (3-d displays); Media Player; QuickTime from Apple; RealPlayer; and Shockwave from Macromedia
Filters (Key Term) – block access to specified sites; set time limits
FTP transfers files; file transfer protocol (Key Term); Internet service for file transfer
Downloading (Key Term) - transmitting files to your computer
Uploading (Key Term) - transmitting files from your computer to another computer
Internet Security Suites (Key Term) – collection of utility programs designed to maintain your security and privacy while you are on the Web

30. Plug-Ins
Programs that provide an enhanced browsing experience by enabling special file formats and multimedia elements
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31. Filters
Programs that block access to selected sites
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32. File Transfer Utilities
Programs that help you upload and download files to and from the Internet
Three popular types of programs:
File transfer protocol (FTP & SFTP)
Web-based file transfer services
BitTorrent
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33. Internet Security Suites
Programs designed to maintain your security and privacy while on the web
Internet Security Suites (Key Term) control…
Spam (Key Term)
Protect against computer viruses (Key Term)
Provide Filters (Key Term)
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34. Careers In IT - Webmasters
Develop, maintain, and back-up websites
Acquire, development, and maintain information resources
Work with the marketing department to increase site traffic and monitor the flow of customer interactions
Webmasters (Key Term) can expect to earn a salary of $48,000 to $73,000
Position is relatively new in many corporations and tends to have fluid responsibilities
Experience in this field could lead to managerial opportunities

35. A Look to the Future Web-Accessible Refrigerators
“Smart” appliances in homes will have their own Web page
Refrigerators know what food they contain
Appliance could send an list to the grocery store for restocking
Downsides?
Downsides example: Infiltration of Internet viruses and spyware may enable your every move at home to be broadcast over the Internet

36. Open-Ended Questions (Page 1 of 2)
Discuss the Internet, including its origins and most common uses. What activities have you participated in? Which one do you think is the most popular?
Discuss Internet communications, including , instant messaging, social networking, blogs, microblogs, and wikis.
Describe the different types of search engines. Give an example of the type of search that each search engine is best for.
Have students turn to the end of Chapter 2 in their textbooks to view the same “Open-Ended” questions/statements

37. Open Ended Questions (Page 2 of 2)
Describe electronic commerce, including business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer, and business-to-business e-commerce.
What is cloud computing? Describe the three basic components of cloud computing.
Have students turn to the end of Chapter 2 in their textbooks to view the same “Open-Ended” questions/statements