1. Exploration and Expansion
( )

2. The “Known World” In 1400

3. I. Voyages of Exploration & Discovery- Europeans seek direct contact with Asia for trade, discover a “new world”
A. Expanding Horizons- the
designs of large sailing ships allowed
European long distance ocean travel

4. Caravel

5. Carrack

6. Galleon

7. B. Portuguese Explorations- in 1498 Vasco da Gama reached India by sailing around Africa

8. Vasco da Gama’s Route (1497-99)

9. C. In 1492 Queen Isabella of Spain sponsored a voyage by Christopher Columbus to reach Asia by sailing west

10. Columbus Speaks to Queen Isabella and her Council

14. Columbus’ Ships (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria)

15. The Santa Maria

16. 1. Columbus reached the West Indies, but assumed it was India, naming the people “Indians”
"It appears to me that the people [the Native Americans who met Columbus] are ingenious [clever], and would be good servants and I am of the opinion that they would very readily become Christians, as they appear to have no religion. They very quickly learn such words as are spoken to them."

17. D. By early 1500’s, Spanish/ Portuguese explorations had proven that there were two new continents

18. 1. Amerigo Vespucci first to name these the New World (new lands named America in his honor)

19. 2. Part of Ferdinand Magellan’s crew circumnavigated the globe (1519-1521)

20. “An Indian hurled a bamboo spear toward Magellan's face, but Magellan dodged and killed the Indian with his lance, which he left in the Indian's body. Then, Magellan reached for his sword, he could draw it out but halfway, because he had been wounded in the arm with a bamboo spear. When the natives saw that, they all hurled themselves upon him. One of them wounded him on the left leg. That caused the captain to fall face downward, when immediately they rushed upon him with spears and other weapons, until they killed our light, our comfort, and our true guide. When they wounded him, he turned back many times to see whether we were all in the boats. Thereupon, beholding him dead, we retreated, as best we could, to the boats, which were already pulling off.”
--Antonio Pigafetta

22. E. English, French, & Dutch also began exploring the New World

23. 1. Francis Drake of England raids Spanish settlements while circumnavigating the globe ( ), fuels Spain-England rivalry, leads to war in 1588
“There is plenty of time to win this game, and to thrash the Spaniards too.”

25. Drake Knighted By Queen Elizabeth

26. II. First European Colonies in the Americas
Contacts between Europeans and Native Americans initially peaceful, but forced labor and European diseases destroy native population

27. B. Spanish Conquests- Spain allowed conquistadors to establish outposts, went for God, gold, & glory

28. Cortes

29. “We Spaniards know a sickness of the heart that only gold can cure.”
Hernando Cortes
“We Spaniards know a sickness of the heart that only gold can cure.”

30. Aztec Empire

31. 1. Hernando Cortes- reached Aztec Empire in central Mexico, Aztec leader
Montezuma revolts, Spaniards conquer in 1521 because of guns, disease, and Quetzalcoatl (Aztec god)
Montezuma

32. Cortes & Marina Reach Tenochtitlan

33. Aztec capital Tenochtitlan

34. Aztec Buildings

35. Aztec Human Sacrifice

36. Early Map of Mexico & US

37. 2. Francisco Pizarro- reached Inca Empire in S
2. Francisco Pizarro- reached Inca Empire in S. America, Pizarro killed Incan leader, Spanish control by 1535

38. Inca Empire

39. Incan City

40. 3. Spain takes huge amounts of gold/silver to become Europe’s richest and most powerful nation (1500’s)

41. C. Plantation System- many laborers worked in field that produced sugar, cotton, tobacco and other cash crops

42. Cotton Plantation

43. 1. European nations exert control over the economy of their colonies (could only buy/sell with the “Mother” country)

44. Think About It....
*Why were colonies valuable? What advantage would a country with colonies have over a country without colonies?

45. D. The Slave Trade- Portuguese first (later the Spanish, English, French, Dutch) began to buy people from west African Kingdoms to work as slaves on plantations

46. Slave Trade

47. 1. Slaves endured brutal Middle Passage to the Americas, 1/3 die along the way

48. E. Some colonies develop manufacturing cities, others remain agricultural and depend on slave labor

49. 1. In the 1700’s, the Americas divided primarily between Spain, England, France

50. Americas in 1700
England
France
England
Spain

51. 2. England’s 13 colonies emerge as the most important and powerful