1. Hoyt Sector Model and Harris and Ullman -Multiple nuclei Model
By: Alex Gallegos

2. Hoyt Sector Model Developed in 1939 by land economist Homer Hoyt
Hoyt proposed the idea that towns grew as sectors or wedges.
As the town grew, so would the area of industry and therefore would grow out in a wedge shape.

3. Hoyt Model

4. A –The Central Business District (CBD)
This area contains shops, offices, banks, and etc
Land is very expensive, and the area has very high rents and as a result multi storey buildings are common
There is very little space and competition is high

5. B1- Zone of Transition (Twilight zone)
This contains old industries that have been positioned in this zone for many years
Over the past couple of years, the industry’s in this section have been non-profitable and are now closed.
This has led to high-unemployment

6. B2- Low class residential housing
This group is made up of old 19th century buildings arranged in grid iron street patterns, with no gardens.
Often referred to as “slums”, they were the buildings that were knocked down in the 1960’s to be replaced with high rise flats
The poorest people in the settlement live here, but is now highly admired and this is due to gentrification

7. C- Council Estates Semi-detached housing is found here
Less expensive private estates can be found in this section
Often described as "medium class residential“ area

8. D - Commuter Zone (suburbs)
This section has high class residential areas with private and quality housing can also be found
There is often big garages, big gardens, and many out buildings can be found here
Called the “commuter zone” as it is expected that most members of the community live in the zone furthest away from the center as they can afford the transport costs to the center for access to services and employment

9. E - Countryside Areas
In the countryside, it surrounds the urban area and it’s for those seeking to escape from the urban area and to live in pleasant surroundings
The people who live in this sector, are still able to get to work
Many satellite villages and towns surround major urban areas, allowing people to live further away from the main settlement

10. Harris and Ullman Multiple nuclei Model
The model was made by C.D. Harris and Edward L. Ullman
Harris and Ullman put their model in the article “The Nature of Cities”
The model describes the layout of a city

11. Harris and Ullman Model

12. Multiple nuclei Model Principles
The Model is based on four principles
Certain activities require highly specialized facilities
Certain activities cluster because they profit from mutual association
Certain activities repel each other and will not be found in the same area
Certain activities could not make a profit if they paid the high rent of the most desirable locations