1. CELL DIVISION GONE WILD!
Cancer
CELL DIVISION GONE WILD! 1

2. The Reasons for Cancer Cancer occurs when:
cells divide uncontrollably
abnormally grown cells interfere and disrupt other cell functions & take in other cell’s nutrients and food
Mutations occur in the genes that control cell division.
Mutations are cells with changes to their DNA. 2

3. Skin Cancer 3

4. Skin Cancer 4

5. Properties of Cancer Cells
reproduce in defiance of the normal restraints:
don’t stop at the checkpoints in the cell cycle
lack cell-to-cell adhesion (contact inhibition) signals
resist to cell “suicide” signals (apoptosis)

6. Properties of Cancer Cells
grow & form a lump; sometimes called a tumour (neoplasm)
Invade & colonize territories normally reserved for other cells
quickly alternate shape between round & elongated

7. Who gets cancer?
1 in 3 people will develop cancer during their lifetime
Cancers can occur at any age, but the risk of developing cancer increases with age.
Over 70% of all newly diagnosed cancers occur in people aged 60 years or more. 7

8. Causes of Cancer Genetics Age Spontaneous mutation Stress
Chemical carcinogens
Radiation
Most cancers result from avoidable combinations of environmental causes

9. Causes for Cancerous Mutations
Viruses
- some viruses interfere with cell division by inserting their own DNA
Radiation
- high energy radiation like ultraviolet light and X-rays have been linked to skin cancer
Chemicals
- cigarette smoke and smog have been linked to lung cancer 9

10. Causes of Cancer Everyday life choices to reduce risks of cancer
development:
Be a non-smoker & avoid tobacco smoke.
Eat a healthy diet.
Be physically active every day.
Stay at a healthy weight.
Limit alcohol use.
Reduce your exposure to UV (ultraviolet) rays from the sun or tanning beds.
Know your body & report any changes to your doctor or dentist.
Follow health & safety instructions when using hazardous materials at home or work.

11. Types of Cancer
Carcinomas – About 85% of cancers are carcinomas. They start in the covering (or lining) of organs and of the body (the skin).
Sarcomas – These form in the connective tissues of the body such as muscle, bone and fatty tissue (6% of cancers).
Leukaemias/Lymphomas – These occur in the tissues where white blood cells (which fight infection in the body) are formed, i.e. the bone marrow, and lymphatic system (5%).
Others forms of cancer – Brain tumours and other rare forms of cancer make up the other 4% of cancers

12. Lung Cancer 12

13. Brain Cancer 13

14. Oral Cancer 14

15. Formation of a Tumour
Mutation and initial mild disorder of cell behaviour cause a normally dividing cell to divide erratically
As the abnormally dividing cells form the tumor, they stimulate the development of blood vessels (angiogenesis) for oxygen and nutrients

16. Cancer and the Cell Cycle
tumour – an abnormal clump of cells formed when cells divide repeatedly and excessively 16

17. Cancer and the Cell Cycle
Cancer – cells with abnormal genetic material that are dividing uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body
Malignant tumours – (cancerous) invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body
Benign tumours – (non-cancerous) may grow larger but do not spread to other parts of the body

18. Tumours Malignant tumours: can be deadly.
Parts of these tumours can break off and spread throughout your body depositing new tumours, perhaps in vital organs.
cells of the tumour break lose, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels and form secondary tumours (metastases)

19. Cancer and the Cell Cycle
Cancer Development

20. Metastasis
Cells break away from the original (primary) cancer & spread to other organs in the body by travelling in the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
When these cells reach a new area of the body they continue dividing & form a new tumour, often referred to as a "secondary" or a "metastasis".

21. Cancer Treatments Or a combination of all 3.
1. Surgery: tumour is surgerically cut out.
2. Radiation Therapy: radiation is used to kill the tumour cells
3. Chemo Therapy: Toxic chemicals are attempt to poison the cancer cells (stop mitosis).
Or a combination of all 3. 21

22. Carcinogens asbestos tobacco smoke or drinking alcohol
human papilloma virus (HPV)
pesticides

23. Melanoma
Dear 16 year old me 23

24. REAL LIFE CANCER
From one of your peers… 24

25. Cancer growth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_wRpa2b5XI 25