1. Part 4 Lower Body Anatomy
Skeletal System
Part 4
Lower Body
Anatomy

2. Pelvic Girdle (Hip) Attaches lower limbs to axial skeleton
Strongest ligaments in body located here
Formed by hip bones (each called a coxal)
Deep, basin like structure formed is the bony pelvis

3. Pelvic Girdle
Children  3 hip bones named the ilium, ischium, and pubis
Adults  bones fuse together

4. Pelvic Structure and Childbearing
Female pelvis  wider, shallower, lighter, rounder

6. Lower Limb Carry entire weight of body Subject to a lot of forces
Thicker, stronger
Thigh, legs, foot

7. Thigh Femur- only bone of thigh Largest, strongest, bone in body
The neck is the weakest part of femur (when it fractures it is called a broken hip)

9. Patella
Triangular bone
Anchors thigh muscles to tibia
Protects joints

10. Leg Tibia and fibula Connected by a membrane
Joints of leg allow for almost no movement

11. Tibia Gets weight of the body from the femur Transmits weight to foot
Second strongest bone in body

12. Fibula
Does not contribute to knee joints
Does not bear weight

13. Pott’s Fracture Fracture of the fibula/tibia (or both)
Common in sports

14. Foot Tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges
2 functions: support and acts as a lever

15. Tarsus Made of several tarsal bones
Body weight is carried by the talus and calcaneus (heel)
Thick tendon (calcaneal or Achilles tendon) attaches to calcaneus

16. Metatarsus
5 small, long bones
Numbered 1-5

17. Phalanges
14 phalanges
Smaller than fingers

18. Arches of Foot 3 arches (medial, lateral, transverse)
Maintained by bones, ligaments, and tendons
Makes running more economical (gives spring to step)

20. Cleft Palate
Right and left halves of palate fail to fuse

21. Dysplasia Hip bones don’t fuse correctly (if at all)
Ligaments are loose because of that
Femur can slip out of bone
Treatment (surgery) needed ASAP