1. Motivation

3. Examples Company Reward Apple Computer Publix Super Markets
Advanta Corporation
Westin Hotels
Worthington Industries
Reader’s Digest
Pitney Bowes
Reward
Stock purchase options
Partial ownership in the company
Opportunity to help train new employees
Free meals while on the job
Haircuts for $2 while at work
Fridays off during the month of May
Courses in real estate, golf, painting, photography, and cake decorating
Free airline travel for employees and spouses 6

4. Motivation
Theories
Contents theories
Process Theories

5. Content theories 1) Hierarchy needs theory(Abraham Maslow)
2) ERG theory(Clayton Alderfer )
3) Acquired needs theory (David McClelland)
4) Two factor theory (Herzberg)

6. Need Hierarchy Theory Higher-order needs Esteem needs Social needs
Lower-order
needs 3

7. ERG Theory (Clayton Alderfer)
Core Needs
Existence: provision of basic material requirements.
Relatedness: desire for relationships.
Growth: desire for personal development.

8. David McClelland’s Theory of Needs
nAch
nPow
nAff

9. Hygiene Factors & Motivation factors
Two-Factor Theory (Frederick Herzberg)
Hygiene Factors & Motivation factors

10. Comparison of Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers
Factors characterizing events on the job that led to extreme job dissatisfaction
Factors characterizing events on the job that led to extreme job satisfaction
Comparison of Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers

12. Process Theories Theory X & Theory Y Equity theory Expectancy theory
Cognitive Evaluation Theory
Goal setting theory

13. 1) Theory X and Theory Y (Douglas McGregor)

14. 2) Equity theory Referent Comparisons: Self-inside Self-outside
Other-inside
Other-outside

16. Reaction to inequity: Change inputs (slack off) quit the job
increase/decrease output
change perceptions of self
change perceptions of others
Choose a different referent person
quit the job

17. RELATED TERMS

18. 3) Expectancy Theory

19. Three Components of Expectancy Theory
Effort
Performance
Reward
Expectancy
Instrumentality
Valence of
reward X X
MOTIVATION
Abilities
and traits
Role perceptions
and opportunities
JOB
PERFORMANCE 5

20. 4) Cognitive Evaluation Theory

21. Use of Extrinsic rewards leads to decline in intrinsic rewards

22. Out growth of cognitive evaluation theory---
Self concordance
Degree to which people strive for the goals-----consistent with the rewards
Pursue goals because of Intrinsic rewards--- achieve it & satisfied
Pursue goals because of extrinsic rewards--- don't achieve it & not satisfied

23. 5) Goal-Setting Theory (Edwin Locke)

24. Goal commitment Task characteristics Culture
Three factors that affect the goals
Goal commitment
Self set goals
Internal locus of control
Task characteristics
Independent
Culture
Low power distance
Seek challenging goals

25. Applied though MBO