1. The Byzantine Empire Influences Russia

2. Byzantine missionaries converted the Slavs
Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril invented the Cyrillic Alphabet which led to the spread of Orthodox Christianity in Russia.
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3. Rise of Russia Geography-lies on Eurasian plain and borders China
Ural Mts. Physical boundary
Wanted Moscow to be the “Third Rome”
3 regions helped shape early Russian life
North-Lumber and hunting
South-Fertile land for farming
Steppe-treeless grassland Open to nomads from Asia and Europe
Kiev – Commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9thc, became the center for a kingdom that flourished until the 12th c.

4. Steppe Areas Great “Highway” Nomadic migrates
Rivers linked Byzantine to Russia
Vladimir I – ruler of Kiev ( ) converted kingdom to orthodox Christianity
Russian Orthodoxy – Russian form of Christianity brought from the Byzantine Empire

5. First Civilization Kiev Rus in Present day Ukraine
Home of vital trading networks
Would become the center of the first Russian state
Boyars – Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts

6. Kiev and the Byzantine Empire
Trade helped Kiev enter the Byzantine empire
957 Princess Olga of Kiev converted to Byzantine Christianity
Grandson, Prince Vladimir, spread religion which gained strength
Yaroslav the Wise – led Kiev at its’ height
Built Santa Sophia Church
Cyrillic alphabet was devised and used
Russians started to adapt religious art, music and architecture
Onion domes

7. Onion Domes
Type of architectural dome that frequently adorns Russian Orthodox Churches.
The domes are often brightly painted; the colors symbolize different aspects of religion. Green, blue, and gold domes represent the Holy Trinity, the Spirit of God, and Jesus, respectively.
Onion domes often appear in groups of three or five, representing the Holy Trinity or Jesus and the Four Evangelists, respectively. Domes standing alone represent Jesus.

9. Mongol Influences Nomadic people from central Asia
United by Genghiz Khan (Later Chapters)
Looted and burned Kiev
Russian princes had to pay money to rule without Mongol interference
Mongol rule cut off Russian contacts with Western Europe which were making advances in art and science
Russian Orthodox grows stronger due to religious toleration
Tatars – Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th c.; left Russian church and aristocracy intact

10. Moscow Takes Lead
With their location near trading rivers, Moscow steadily increased their power
Head of Russian Orthodox church made Moscow capital, became political and spiritual center

11. Ivan the Great ---- Ivan III
Recovered Russian territories that were lost to invading Mongols
Tried to limit the power of boyars (landowning nobles)
Took on the title of Czar (Russian for Caesar)

12. Ivan the Terrible --- Ivan IV
Grandson
Nobles granted land for military service
Tied serfs to land
Violent, killed own son
Black horses and black robes-slaughtered rebels
Introduced Russia to extreme absolute power Eastern Europe

13. Shaping Eastern Europe
Geography makes area cultural crossroads
Crusades will bring in a lot of Muslims to area

14. Recap Western Europe Latin in churches
Byzantine
Greek language
Claimed right to appoint the head of the church
Did not accept pope
$$ Good – Silk, Paper
Taxes provided money to run govt. and army
Western Europe
Latin in churches
Pope had power and the people accepted
Trade, town life and learning declined after the fall of Rome