1. The New
Republic
Chapter 1 Section 4

2. Lecture Focus Question
How did the United States and its government change in the late 1700s and early 1800s? Explain.

3. First Presidents Washington John Adams First president Served 2 terms
GW’s Farewell Address
Importance of unity, good credit, and isolationism
John Adams
V.P. under GW
2nd president
Federalist Party
Signed Alien & Sedition Acts

4. Political Parties Alexander Hamilton: Thomas Jefferson:
Federalist
Secretary of Treasury under Washington
Est. National Bank → needed for a strong economy
Elastic Clause: “implied powers” in Constitution
Thomas Jefferson:
Democratic-Republican
Secretary of State under Washington (3rd president)
Opposed National Bank → too much power in too few hands
Limit federal govt to “explicit powers” in Constitution

5. Expanding West
Manifest Destiny: idea that the U.S. was intended by God to expand across North America from Atlantic to Pacific
Louisiana Purchase: Jefferson bought Louisiana territory for $15 million

7. The Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution: effort to increase production by using machines
Led to the growth of cities
Cotton gin: a machine that separates seeds from raw cotton fibers
Demand for slave labor increased dramatically

8. North VS. South North became industrialized quickly
Textile mills
Labor unions: organization of workers formed to protect their interests
Strike: work stoppage
South still primarily rural
Plantations
Cotton gin → demand for slave labor on the rise
Primary cash crop is now cotton

9. Strained Foreign Relations
French Revolution
Great Britain tests U.S.’s
neutrality
War of 1812
U.S. dealings with France anger GB
Embargo: suspended trade
GB & US go to war again
British burn down the White House
Both sides tired of war → peace treaty

10. Foreign Policy James Monroe: 5th U.S. pres. Monroe Doctrine
U.S. would not take sides in internal affairs in Europe
U.S. wouldn’t permit further colonization of Western Hemisphere
Lacked strong army and navy to enforce it

11. SUMMARY
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