1. Chapter 22
Review and Discussion

2. Moscow Rises In Power 3. Moscow became the “Third Rome”
During the Mongol period, the princes of Moscow steadily increased their power.
2. The Russian Orthodox moves to Moscow eventually the seat of power is moved there.
3. Moscow became the “Third Rome”

3. Ivan the Great: First Tsar
Ivan III, refused to pay Mongol tribute
Won many battles and recovered lost territory
Suppressed boyar powers
claimed the leadership of the Eastern Orthodox Empire
Took the title czar (tsar) the Russian word for Caesar
Recruited peasants and other them freedom from their feudal lords if they agreed to settle in New lands to the East

4. Ivan IV aka Ivan the Terrible!
Grandson of Ivan the Great
Ruled from
Why Terrible?
he resorted to torture, exile, and execution to punish those who plotted against him
Significantly expanded Russia’s territory and Russia prospered!

5. Tragic, read on… His Family….
In 1582 his daughter-in-law Elena appeared immodestly dressed and Ivan censured her.
His son Ivan Ivanovich rose to defend his wife, whereupon the tsar killed his son, his only possible respectable heir.
This left as heir Ivan’s feebleminded son Fyodor (reigned ), the last Ryurikid ruler in a line that extended back seven centuries.
Another son, Dmitry, was considered illegitimate because his mother was Ivan's seventh wife (the church only permitted three marriages, and recognized none of Ivan’s later wives).
Dmitry either killed himself playing with a knife or was murdered in 1591

6. St. Basil’s Cathedral
Legend has it that Ivan the Terrible, who was Tsar of Russia at the time,
blinded the architect
when it was finished,
to prevent him from building anything as spectacular for any other king.

7. Late Medieval Russia Russia is in a Period of disorder:
Open to invasion
Isolated from Europe
Untouched by Renaissance or the Reformation
Enters the “Time of Troubles”

8. Russian Monarchy Medieval Russia group of clergy,
nobles and townsmen chose a new czar 
Romanov dynasty 
established with 
Mikhail Romanov
lasts until 1917 withthe Communist 
Revolution. 
Mikhail Romanov
Romanov Crown

9. Russia Before Peter Look at the facts: 10 million people, 8.5 serfs
Boyars (landowning nobles) control the court and government
Very Anti-Western European culture
Majority of population are uneducated

10. The Westernization of Russia
Goals
To modernize, westernize Russia
Establish absolute monarchy
Journeyed to Western Europe to learn…
Anatomy
Dentistry
Carpenter in shipyard
Government structure of English Parliament
Brought Experts to Russia
Technical experts, teachers, soldiers, and nobles

11. Peter the Great
Built a new capital at St. Petersburg and committed to a policy of westernization in Russia.
To impose his will, Peter became the most autocratic of Europe’s absolute monarchs.
No to political liberalization
Brought Russian Orthodox Church under his control and increased the burden of taxes and labor on the serfs
“Great Northern War”
broke Swedish control over the Baltic and established direct contact between Russia and Europe

12. Westernization of Russia Brought in Europe’s Technology and Craftsman
Peter the Great’s
Major Changes
Requires European Dress & No Beards!
Westernization of Russia
Builds St. Petersburg
Brought in Europe’s Technology and Craftsman
Took control of church
Made the boyars serve in
the gov’t
Modernized
army
Adopts Mercantilism

13. Catherine the Great r. 1762-1796 Born in 1729 in Germany
today modern day Poland
Gains the throne by “stealing it” (maybe) from her murdered husband, Peter III!

14. Catherine’s Palace began state-sponsored education for boys and girls.
embraced and encouraged Western ideas and culture.
granted special privileges to the boyars.
Allows serfdom to continue
repressed peasant rebellions.
Built the world’s largest land empire
Catherine’s Palace

15. Expansion of Russia, 1689-1796 Peter the Great:
created the largest standing army in Europe
On land won from Sweden, Peter built a magnificent new capital city, St. Petersburg.
Catherine the Great:
gained a warm-water port on the Black Sea
agreed to partition Poland and gained the eastern portion.

16. St. Petersburg

17. Romanov Dynasty Heritage Last Romanov Czar Murdered w/ family in 1917
Moscow in 1810
Last Romanov Czar Murdered w/ family in 1917

18. Expansion of Russia, – 1796