1. Doing Research Starting Research Finding Sources and Collecting Information Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Citing Sources Using APA Style
JC Tacapan

2. “RESEARCH and INQUIRY are the keys to discovery.”
OBJECTIVES
To develop our own dependable “research process” that will help us inquire into topics that interest us.
To devise a “research plan” for our projects that allows us to stay on schedule and keep track of sources and information.
To assess whether sources are reliable and trustworthy.
To identify two common kinds of research papers.
To develop a topic and angle for an effective research paper.
To properly cite sources and format research papers.
“RESEARCH and INQUIRY are the keys to discovery.”

3. Exploring topics systematically
Research
3 Important Uses
Exploring topics systematically
Hands-on experience
Researchers gather information in order to investigate an issue and explain it to other people.
Inquire
Factual evidence
Researchers, esp. scientists, collect and analyze facts to increase or strengthen our knowledge about a subject.
Advance knowledge
Secondary sources
Research can be used to persuade others and support a particular side of an argument while gaining a full understanding of the opposing view
Support an argument
PURSUING TRUTH
DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE

4. Define Your Research Question
Develop A Working Thesis (Hypothesis)
Devise A Research Plan
Kinds of sources
Ways to collect sources
Collect Sources
Electronic and Online Sources
Print Sources
Empirical Sources
Modify Working Thesis NO
Determine Whether Facts Verify Working Thesis
YES
Accept Working Thesis
Assess the Reliability of Each Source
Is the source reliable?
How biased are the author and the publisher?
How biased are you?
Is the source up to date?
Can you independently verify the information in the source?
Triangulate Facts among the Sources

5. . Introduction First Issue or Time Period Factual overview of Issue
Research papers can be organized a variety of ways. The models below show two basic patterns that you can adjust to fit your topic, angle, purpose, readers, and content.
Introduction
First Issue or Time Period
Factual overview of Issue
Second Issue or Time Period
Explanation of opposing views
Third Issue or Time Period
Argument for your view .
Conclusion
References

6. Introduction Body paragraphs Conclusion References
An effective research paper uses sources to explain an issue or argue for a position. They tend to have the following major features:
Identifies the research paper’s topic and purpose, while clearly stating a thesis or main point that you will support or prove; it should offer background information and explain why the topic is important.
Introduction
Use an issue-by-issue or chronological pattern to present the results of your research ; the body is divided into sections with headings.
Body paragraphs
Restates the thesis or main point of the research paper and summarizes your main points.
Conclusion
Includes a list of references in a standardized citation style (APA or MLA style)
References

7. Major types of research papers
Expository Research Paper
Argumentative Research Paper
Expository means to “exhibit” or “explain” what you have discovered about your topic. Expository research papers explain an issue, event, or trend, without making an overt argument for one side.
Argumentation involves choosing one side of the issue and using your research to support your side while disputing opposing views.

8. The Rogerian Argument Framework TWO BASIC ORGANIZATIONS
You will learn
OBJECTIVES
Develop an argument thesis about controversial issues
The Rogerian Argument Framework
Describe the strengths and limitations of opposing viewpoints
Use evidence and reasoning to back up your thesis
You will strengthen your argument because readers will see you as fair-minded and knowledgeable
You will deepen your understanding
You might even alter your position, either slightly or radically
To explore two or more sides of a controversial topic
PURPOSE
To argue fairly and reasonably for one side over the others
ARGUMENT
FEATURES
INTRODUCTION: states the issue being debated, identify the issue’s two or more sides, and usually offers an explicit thesis that the argument will support
TWO BASIC ORGANIZATIONS
Opposing positions are described upfront; then your own position is explained
Introduction
You make a point-by-point comparison, explaining why your position is better than others
Summary of opposing positions, including strengths
Major point of difference
Opposing positions
Your position
OBJECTIVE SUMMARY of opposing views, including their strengths
POINT-BY-POINT DISCUSSION of the limitations of opposing views
Limitations of opposing positions
Major point of difference
Opposing positions
Your position
SUMMARY of your viewpoint and your understanding of the issue
Your understanding of the issue, describing both strengths and limitations of your position
Major point of difference
Opposing positions
Your position
POINT-BY-POINT DISCUSSION of both strengths and limitations of your position, arguing overall that yours is superior
Reasons your understanding is better than the opposing views’ understanding
CONCLUSION that drives home your thesis and looks to the future
Conclusion