1. BYZANTINE EMPIRE Eastern Roman Empire Chapter 11, Sections 1-3

2. *CONSTANTINOPLE*
330, Emperor Constantine forced to move the New Roman capital city east to Constantinople.
1. could respond to the
dangerous Germanic
tribes
2. closer to rich eastern
empire
3. great location for trade
(water & land)
4. *Located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia

3. *Diocletian splits the empire into the East (Byzantine) and West (Roman), 395

4. ROME= The Western Empire BYZANTINE= The Eastern Empire
Includes Italy, Gaul, Britain, & Spain
Spoke Latin
Conquered by Germanic Tribes, 476
Broke apart into local political groups
BYZANTINE=
The Eastern Empire
Includes Greece Asia
Minor, Syria, &
Egypt
Spoke Greek
Remains of the old
Roman empire were
unified under the
Byzantine Empire

5. *Justinian 527-565 1st Byzantine Emperor*
*Undertook massive building projects (Hagia Sophia)
*Re-conquered most of the western half of the former Roman Empire
*Codified Roman laws
Justinian I, who reigned A.D., was the last Roman emperor and the first Byzantine emperor. He is best-known for his codification of the Roman law. As part of his attempt to reconstitute the Roman Empire, he recovered much of the territory which had been lost to the Barbarians. He built the Hagia Sophia ( the Church of the Holy Wisdom) at Constantinople, and carried the Byzantine style of art into the West. This portrait is a detail from a mosaic I the Church of San Vitale at Ravenna, Italy.

6. Hagia Sophia
The Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, now Istanbul. This masterpiece of Byzantine art was built on the site of churches which dated from the time of Constantine. The present structure was begun under Emperor Justinian in 532 and was dedicated in Justinian was supposed to have said “Oh, Solomon I have surpassed thee.”

7. Largest arched dome & cathedral in the world from 537-1520
Built in 537, Hagia Sophia has been a cathedral, mosque, & now a museum
Largest arched dome & cathedral in the world from
Inside Hagia

8. An interior view of Hagia Sophia
An interior view of Hagia Sophia. Despite five damaging earthquakes between 553 and 986, HS remains to this day basically in its original form.
After the Turkish conquest of Constantinople, the building was converted into a mosque, and then under Turkish President Kemal Ataturk it became a museum.

9. *Justinian's Code Body of Law created for the Byzantine Empire.
Codified all Roman laws-10 legal experts studied 400 yrs of Roman law for 5 yrs & created a single, uniform code of laws.
Regulated all areas of life:
marriage, slavery, property, crime,
Women's Rights
*Preserved Roman legal principles and practices.
*Considered a milestone because it served as a model for European legal system.

10. Courageous and Influential
*Empress Theodora
Wife of Justinian
Courageous and Influential
*“Every man born to see the light of day must die…but one who has been an emperor can not endure to be a fugitive…but take care that after you are safe, you do not find that you would gladly exchange that safety for death”
- Empress Theodora

11. *BYZANTINE EMPIRE* Justinian Code Capital @ Constantinople
Preserved Greek & Roman Culture
E. Orthodox Christianity
Built Hagia
Sophia

12. CHRISTIANITY
Christianity is the belief in Jesus Christ and his teachings.
First Christian faith = Catholic
Roman Empire would
influence the
development of the
Roman Catholic
Church and later,
its division.

13. *ICON Controversy *730, Byzantine Emperor Leo III
banned the use of icons.
(*ICON = religious images)
Roman Catholic Church wanted
the use of “visuals” to help
explain the Bible
*Result = 1054, Split of Christian Church
& the development of Eastern Orthodox Christianity

14. *SCHISM* (Permanent division of the Christian Church)
Roman Catholic (WEST)
Eastern Orthodox (EAST)
Pope Benedict XVI
Patriarch Bartholomew

15. *SCHISM = permanent division of the Christian Church
Roman Catholic/Western Europe
Service in Latin until
1965
Pope higher than kings
Pope, Cardinals,
Bishop, Priests
Priests married to the
church & cannot marry
Divorce not permitted
*Government broke apart into local political units
Eastern Orthodox
Service in Greek
Patriarch and bishops rule together
Emperor is higher than patriarch
Priests may marry
Divorce is permitted
*Preserved Greek & Roman learning and passed it on to western and eastern Europe.
*Maintained a centralized government

16. Roman Empire vs. Byzantine Empire
*The Byzantine Empire did not experience the conflicts between the church and state that were common in medieval Europe because the Byzantine Emperor played a direct role in the administrator of the church.
*“Western Europe owed a debt of gratitude to the Empire that for almost a thousand years, ensured the survival of Christianity during a time when Europe was too weak to accomplish the task”

17. *Contributions of the Byzantine Empire*
1. Kept the Greek and Roman culture , traditions, and learning alive.
2. Codified Roman laws; influenced laws & political systems
3. Hagia Sophia-advanced architectural design
4. Spread Christianity & preserved it during Europe’s dark ages
5. Center of Trade

18. Quick Review
In 730, the Byzantine Emperor Leo III, banned the use of icons….what is an icon?
List the accomplishments of Justinian.
In the Byzantine Empire, one important feature was the development of what religion?
Why did the Byzantine Empire preserve Greek and Roman learning?

19. Why is the Justianian Code considered a milestone?
Why did Constantinople become the center of the Byzantine Empire?
How did the government in Western Europe and Byzantine Empire differ?
Why did the Byzantine Empire not experience the conflicts in the church like Europe did?

20. “Western Europe owned a debt a gratitude to the Empire that for almost a thousand years ensured the survival of Christianity during a time when Europe was too weak to accomplish the task” Which empire is this quote referring to?
What building is this?

21. BYZANTINE EMPIRE Eastern Roman Empire Chapter 11, Section 2

22. *Byzantine Influences in Russia
As the East & West grew apart, missionaries
competed for Christian converts.
*Eastern Orthodox missionaries converted
Russian Slavs (barbarians) by:
1. Created a Cyrillic alphabet, allowing Slavs to read the bible.
2. Opened up highways to Slavic land

23. *RUSSIA DEVELOPS
800’s, the Vikings conquered the Slavs (barbarians) & the cultures began to mix as the Vikings settled down.
*880, Kievan Russia based its wealth on trade with the Byzantine Empire
Grew into a small state with its wealth based on trade from Constantinople.
*Many early Russian settlements were located on the trade routes between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea.

24. *Russia converts to Christianity*
*989, Vladimir I the
Great, a former pagan,
forced all of Kievan to
convert to E Orthodox
Christianity.
As trade continued,
Russian culture grew
& absorbed many
Greek, Byzantine &
Slavic traditions.

25. *CHRISTIANITY SPREADS*
*Moscow Russia
*Kiev Russia *
Constantinople

26. Collapse of the Byzantine Empire, 1400
Invasions from East and West
Bubonic Plague
Schism between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox
Christianity
Rise of Islam

27. Quick Review
Who helped Russian civilization adopt aspects of the Byzantine Empire, Cyrillic alphabet and different styles of art and architecture?
What was Kievan, Russia wealth based on?
What religion did Russia adopts from the Byzantine Empire?
Along what bodies of water were most Russian settlements located?