1. WHII: SOL 4 b,c
Americas

2. Americas
Expansion of overseas territorial claims and European emigration to North and South America

3. Division of the New World
Line of Demarcation: 1493 established by Pope Alexander VI
Spain got all lands west of the line
Portugal got all lands east of the line
Treaty of Tordesillas: agreement between Spain and Portugal establishing the Line of Demarcation
Pushed other nations to establish their empires quickly

4. North and South America
Spain and Portugal establish colonies in Central and South America
England, France, and Netherlands establish colonies in North America

5. Spanish Conquistadors
Aztecs
Hernando Cortes traveled to Tenochtitlan
Malinche served as translator and advisor
Montezuma feared Cortes was Quetzalcoatl
He sent gifts but warned the visitors not to come to Tenochtitlan
Cortes decimated Tenochtitlan and built Mexico City

6. Spanish Conquistadors
Incas
Francisco Pizarro arrived just after Atahualpa had won a civil war
Captured the Incan ruler, demanded a ransom
Incans paid the ransom, but Pizarro killed Atahualpa anyway
Took control of most of South America

7. Legacy of Conquistadors
Disease (smallpox, measles, diphtheria)
Horses
Cannons
Guns
Christianity
Gold and Silver from Americas made Spain the world power

8. Spanish Colonization Divided land into provinces governed by viceroys
Converted many Natives to Christianity
Controlled economics and trade in colonies
Established the encomienda system: a system of demanding labor from the Native Americans
Many natives became peons, worked forced to labor to pay off a debt

9. Forced migration of Africans who had been enslaved

10. Rigid Class System “Caste” System of Spanish colonies
Peninsulares: from Spain (Iberian Peninsula)
Creoles: American born children of peninsulares
Mestizos: mix of Native American and Spanish
Mulattoes: mix of African and Spanish
Native American Slaves
African Slaves

11. Legacy
Colonies’ imitation of the culture and social patterns of their parent countries
Languages
Religion
Customs

12. Written Response
Imagine you are a native American. Write 3 paragraphs explaining how and why the Europeans took over your empire and how life has changed since.