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Ch. 24 Warm-Up What was Frederick Griffith’s contribution to our understanding of DNA? (Refer back to Ch. 16) How do bacteria replicate?
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Lab 6A Warm-Up What are plasmids?
What gene(s) are on the plasmid being used in this lab? How can we know if cells have been successfully transformed in this lab?
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Bacteria Chapter 24.3
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What you need to know: The key ways in which prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes with respect to genome, membrane-bound organelles, size, and reproduction. How horizontal acquisition of genetic information occurs in prokaryotes via transformation, conjugation, and transduction. How these mechanisms, plus mutation, contribute to genetic diversity in prokaryotes.
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Genetic Diversity in Prokaryotes
Factors: Rapid reproduction (binary fission) Mutations – errors in replication Genetic recombination
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Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
Transformation: uptake of foreign DNA from surroundings Transduction: viruses transfer genes between prokaryotes Conjugation: DNA transferred from one to another
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Transformation Uptake of foreign DNA from surroundings
Observed by Griffith (bacteria & mice)
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Plasmids Small ring of DNA that carries a few genes
Replicates separately from bacterial chromosome Can carry genes for antibiotic resistance (R plasmids) Used frequently in genetic engineering for gene cloning
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Using plasmids and bacteria in genetic engineering
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Gene Cloning
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AP Bio Lab 8 - Transformation
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Transduction Viruses (bacteriophages) carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another Recombine DNA of donor and recipient cell
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Conjugation One cell donates DNA to another
Donors cell extends a sex pilus (“mating bridge”) through which DNA is transferred Requires the presence of a piece of DNA called the F factor to produce the pilus
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Conjugation and transfer of F plasmid
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