1. Applications of Genetic Engineering
Chapter 13.4
Applications of Genetic Engineering

2. Genetic engineering is important because it allows scientists to transfer DNA sequences from one organism to another.
Does that mean we can transfer genes from different types of organisms?
In 1986 Steven Howell isolated the gene for luciferase, firefly glow enzyme. He inserted it into a tobacco cell. A whole plant grew from the recombinant cells and when the gene was active the plant was able to glow in the dark.

3. Transgenic Organisms
Transgenic means that organisms can contain genes from other species.
Genetic engineering has made the field of biotechnology grow. Biotechnology is an industry that changes the way we interact with the living world.

4. Transgenic Microorganisms
Transgenic bacteria is used often in health and industry.
For example: insulin can be produced by bacteria. The human gene is put into bacteria and is able to be expressed.

5. Transgenic Animals
These animals are useful to study genes and improve the food supply.
Mice have been given genes to have a human like immune system to study disease.
Livestock is given genes to make them producer leaner meat.

6. Transgenic Plants
Transgenic plants are very important for food supply.
In the year 2000, 52% of corn grown was transgenic. This gives the corn the ability to have internal insecticides and pesticides. Some also have can resist weed killers (round up ready corn).
Rice can be grown that contains vitamin A – this makes the rice healthier.

7. Cloning
A clone has genetically identical cells and are produced from a single cell.
In 1997 Ian Wilmut cloned a sheep. The sheep name was Dolly.
Since then cloned cows, pigs, mice, and other mammals have been produced.
One problem with cloning is it can produce animals with genetic defects and health problems.

8. Process of Cloning