1. Volume 61, Issue 5, Pages 1011-1018 (May 2012)
The Impact of Interscreening Interval and Age on Prostate Cancer Screening With Prostate-Specific Antigen 
Grace Hui-Min Wu, Anssi Auvinen, Amy Ming-Fang Yen, Matti Hakama, Teuvo L. Tammela, Ulf-Håkan Stenman, Paula Kujala, Mirja Ruutu, Hsiu-Hsi Chen 
European Urology 
Volume 61, Issue 5, Pages (May 2012)
DOI: /j.eururo
Copyright © 2012 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Decision analysis framework for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. CNa refers to no screening arm for cohort at age a. PSAa,bi refers to a screening strategy that starts screening at age a and terminates at age b, with an i-year interscreening interval, where a equals 55, 60, or 65; b equals 70 or 75; and i equals 1, 2, 4, or 8. PSAa refers to a single screening strategy at age a.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2012 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
The natural history of prostate cancer (PCa) taking other causes of death into account. Screening can detect asymptomatic PCa several years before the symptoms develop, and it may detect indolent PCa, resulting in overdiagnosis (ie, the detection of cancer that otherwise would not have been detected in the person’s lifetime). A multistate Markov model was developed to represent the natural history of progressive PCa and nonprogressive preclinical PCa (indolent PCa) and to predict the proportion of advanced PCa by different screening schedules. The Markov model consisted of seven states: (1) free of PCa, (2) progressive preclinical early PCa, (3) clinical early PCa, (4) progressive preclinical advanced PCa, (5) clinical advanced PCa, (6) nonprogressive preclinical early PCa, and (7) nonprogressive preclinical advanced PCa.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2012 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions