1. Dr Paul T Francis, MD Community Medicine College of Medicine, Zawia
Typhoid fever
Dr Paul T Francis, MD
Community Medicine
College of Medicine, Zawia

2. Typhoid fever Is an acute disease caused by S. typhi.
It is seen world wide but more common in developing countries with poor hygiene
Typhoid fever is endemic in Libya

3. Agent factors Agent Reservoir of infection – Man (cases and carriers)
S. typhi is main agent
S. paratyphi A and S. paratyphi B (rare)
Reservoir of infection – Man (cases and carriers)
Source of infection – feces

4. A very ‘famous’ typhoid carrier for many years
A very ‘famous’ typhoid carrier for many years. She was a cook and infected many hundreds of people. Finally she was put in jail

5. Host factors Age – most common in young adults
Sex – more common in males

6. Environmental factors
More common in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene

7. Epidemiological factors
Incubation period – 1-2 weeks
Mode of transmission
Spread by contaminated water and food
Direct contact with contaminated fingers
Flies

8. Prevention and control of typhoid fever
Primary prevention
Good sanitation – safe disposal of excreta
Safe drinking water
Food hygiene – keeping food safe from flies
Health education
Vaccines are available to prevent typhoid
Screening of food handlers for S. typhi

9. Secondary prevention
Early diagnosis and treatment

10. Kathakali