1. Mammary gland
Gbotolorun, S.C.

2. Introduction Most superficial structure in ant thoracic wall
Situated in subcut tissue overlying pectoral ms
Well developed + accessory to reproduction in females
Rudimentary and functionless in males
Size determined by the amt of fat surrounding glandular tissue
Size and shape may result from genetic, racial & dietary factors

3. Transversely Vertically
EXTENT
Transversely
from the lateral border of the sternum to the midaxillary line
Vertically
From the 2nd to the 5th ribs
A small part may extend along the inferolateral edge of the pectoralis major towards the axilla- axillary tail of spence

6. 2/3- rest on deep pectoral fascia overlying the pectoralis major
1/3- rests on the fascia covering serratus anterior ms
Btw breast and deep pectoral fascia -retromammary space (RS)
A loose CT or potential space
The space contains a small amt of fat-
Allows breast move over the pectoral fascia

8. Mammary gland attached firmly to dermis of overlying skin by skin ligaments – the suspensory ligament of Cooper
fibrous condensations of the CT stroma
Well developed in the superior part of the gland
Help support the lobules of the gland
During puberty breast increase in size bcos of increased fat deposit and glandular development
The areolae and nipples also enlarge

9. The glandular tissue of the breast
The lactiferous ducts give rise to buds
15 to 20 lobules of glandular tissue
Each lobule is drained by a lactiferous duct
opens independently on the nipple
The ducts converge towards the nipple
spokes of a bicycle wheel
Deep to the areola each duct dilates –
lactiferous sinus

10. A --Duct.
B --Lobule.
C --Ampulla.
D --Nipple.
E --Fat.
F --Pectoralis.
G --Chest Wall.

11. The areolar contains numerous sebaceous glands that enlarge during pregnancy
They secrete an oily substance that lubricates the areola and nipple
The breast are modified sweat glands
They have no special capsule or sheath

12. The nipples
Conical/cylindrical prominences in the centre of the areolae
Devoid of fat, hair and sweat glands
In young nulliparous woman usually in 4th intercostal space
Position varies especially in the multiparous woman

13. Not a reliable guide to the 4th intercostal space
Tips are fissured with the lactiferous ducts
Composed mostly of circularly arranged smooth muscles

14. Blood supply Arterial supply Venous return Internal thoracic artery
Lateral thoracic artery
Thoracoacromial artery
Posterior intercostal arteries
Venous return
axillary vein
Internal thoracic vein
Intercostal vein

15. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE Very important=role in metatasis of cancer cells
Lymph from nipple, areola and lobule of gland– subareolar lymphatic plexus
Most lymph > 75% especially from lateral quadrants of breast→axillary nodes through the pectoral nodes
Some drain directly to the axillary nodes/deltopectoral/supraclavicular/ interpectoral/inferior deep cervical nodes

16. Remaining lymph particularly from medial quadrants →parasternal nodes/opposite breast
Lymph from lower quadrants → inferior phrenic (abdominal) nodes
Lymph from skin of breast →axillary/inferior deep cervical/infraclavicular/parasternal nodes of both sides
Lymph from axillary →infraclavicular and supraclavicular→subclavian lymphatic trunk
Lymph from parasternal nodes→bronchomediastinal trunk

17. Nerves of the breast
Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the 4th to 6th intercostal nerves

18. Clinical anatomy Breast quadrants Carcinoma of breast
Mastectomy/radical mastectomy/current practice lympectomy (tumor & surrounding tissues)
Gynecomastia
Polymastia, polythelia and amastia