1. Integumentary System Function(s):
-protects body from infections (barrier)
-regulates body temperature
allows for sense of touch
Organs:
-skin
-hair
-nails

2. Skeletal System Functions: -supports the body -helps to move the body
-protects internal organs
-makes blood cells
-stores calcium and phosphorus

3. Skeletal System
Organs:
-bones
-cartilage
-ligaments
-tendons

4. Muscular System Function(s): -helps to move the body
-moves materials through the body (blood, food)
Organs: skeletal
-muscles- cardiac
-tendons smooth

5. lowest level: smallest/least complex
What are the levels of organization of multicellular organisms?
(in order from least complex to most complex)
lowest level: smallest/least complex
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
highest level: largest/most complex

7. Made up of the hair, nails, and skin
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

8. Hair: Made of the protein “keratin,” grows from follicle
Found all over body except lips, palms and soles of feet
Functions in warmth, protection, and immune defense
Characteristic of mammals
Oil Gland
Follicle
Muscle
Hair Shaft
Epidermis
Dermis
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

9. Nails: Made of the protein “keratin,” grows from root
Found on fingers and toes (phalanges)
Functions in protection and as a tool for precise activities
Free Margin
Nail Plate
Nail Bed
Lunula
Matrix
Root
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

10. SKIN:
Your skin is the largest organ of your body and is made up of three layers of tissue:
Epidermis: outer layer composed of epithelial cells
Outermost cells are dead and rub off
New cells are constantly made at the base/bottom of the epidermis.
Melanocytes: cells produce melanin - pigment that protects your skin and gives it color
Dermis: the middle layer composed of connective tissue
Contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, muscles, oil, sweat glands, and other structures.
Hypodermis (fatty layer): below the dermis - insulates body
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

11. Human Skin Cross-section magnified 100x
EPIDERMIS
DERMIS
Human Skin Cross-section magnified 100x
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

12. Skin Cross-section Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis Hair from hair follicle
Sweat Gland
Oil gland
Nerve
Blood Vessels 4 1 5 6 2 7 3 8
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13. Sense our environment through touch
Function:
Forms a protective covering over the body which prevents infection and water loss (force field)
Sense our environment through touch
Formation of Vitamin D during exposure to the sun
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

14. Regulation of body temperature
Blood vessels in skin help release/hold heat
Perspiration (sweating) to keep cool and shivering to keep warm
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

15. organ system
a group of organs that work together to perform a complex function

16. tissue
a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function

17. organ
a structure made up of two or more different types of tissues that work together to perform a function or task

18. function (job) What is the shape of a cell usually related to?
You may or may not wish to distinguish between cytosol and cytoplasm. The correct use of each term is shown here. Most high school textbooks, however, use the word “cytoplasm” to mean “cytosol.”

19. melanin
the pigment that gives skin its color (made by melanocytes)

20. dermis
the inner layer
of the skin

21. sweat pores
openings in the skin where sweat comes out
sweat gland

22. epidermis
the outermost layer of the skin

23. hair follicles
structures in the skin where hair grows

24. hypodermis
the inner-most layer of skin; also called the subcutaneous layer
(or the fatty layer)

25. What are the four types of human tissues?
connective
epithelial
muscular
nervous

27. What is the function of epithelial tissue?
Protects body, absorbs nutrients, filters blood & secretes hormones
found on internal organs (digestive tract) and exterior of body (skin)
found in glands: thyroid, pancreas, sweat, and salivary glands

28. What is the function of connective tissue?
Provide structure and support, cushions organs, stores nutrients
Types:
cartilage, bone, & blood
fibrous (tendons & ligaments)
loose (fat cells)

29. What is the function of nervous tissue?
to carry impulses throughout the body
Example:
neurons

30. What is the function of muscle tissue?
-to relax and contract muscle fibers
Examples:
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac