1. Ch. 20 Carbon & Hydrocarbons
Carbon is mainly found combined with other elements
What are some examples of carbon with other elements?
Petroleum, natural gas, sugars, wood,
ANY THING LIVING HAS CARBON
What are some examples of carbon by itself?
Coal, diamond, graphite

2. Why does carbon combine so well with elements?
+4, -4 charge
Carbon atoms form rings & chains
Carbon can form a loose bond arrangement or a tight symmetric bond.
Diamond  tight
Graphite  loose

3. Graphite Very loose arrangement Good lubricant Graphite pencils
Graphite composites  metals & graphite combined together
Golf club, racquet, bats

4. Diamonds Tight arrangement Mined in Africa (mainly)
Densest form of carbon
Hardest mineral
Used in drilling, grinding, & cutting

5. Amorphous Carbons – decomposed carbons by heat
1. Coal – from decomposed organic compounds
2. Peat – partially carbonized plant material. Used as fertilizer
3. Coke – residue left from heating bituminous coal.
4. Charcoal – residue from heating wood.

6. Organic Chemistry Any compound with carbon in it.
Carbon can form a single, double, or triple bond.
Hydrocarbons are compounds with carbon & hydrogen.
Substitute hydrocarbons are compounds with H, C, & and a third element.

7. Types of Hydrocarbons 1. Alkanes  Single Bonds CH4
2. Alkenes  Double Bonds
C2H4
3. Alkynes Triple Bonds
C2H2

8. Table 20 – 2 (pg. 635) Methane (CH4) Ethane (C2H6) Propane (C3H8)
Butane (C4H10)
Pentane (C5H12)
Hexane (C6H14)
Heptane (C7H16)
Octane (C8H18)
Nonane (C9H20)
Decane (C10H22)

11. Methene (CH2)
Ethene (C2H4)
Propene (C3H6)
Butene (C4H8)
Pentene (C5H10)
Hexene (C6H12)
Heptene (C7H14)
Octene (C8H16)
Nonene (C9H18)
Decene (C10H20)

12. Ethyne (C2H2)
Propyne (C3H4)
Butyne (C4H6)
Pentyne (C5H8)
Hexyne (C6H10)
Heptyne (C7H12)
Octyne (C8H14)
Nonyne (C9H16)
Decyne (C10H18)

13. Saturated Hydrocarbons have only singe bonds
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons have at least 1 or more double or triple bonds.
NAME HYDROCARBONS
PRACTICE EXAMPLES