1. Project-Based Cooperative Learning
Karl A. Smith
Engineering Education – Purdue University
Civil Engineering - University of Minnesota
Tower Construction Project 1

2. •Positive Interdependence •Individual and Group Accountability
Cooperative Learning is instruction that involves people working in teams to accomplish a common goal, under conditions that involve both positive interdependence (all members must cooperate to complete the task) and individual and group accountability (each member is accountable for the complete final outcome).
Key Concepts
•Positive Interdependence
•Individual and Group Accountability
•Face-to-Face Promotive Interaction
•Teamwork Skills
•Group Processing
Table summarizes my perception of the shift. A version of this table is available in New Paradigms for Engineering Education -- FIE Conf proceedings 97 (avail on the www)
One of the most significant changes that has occurred is the shift from "pouring in knowledge" to "creating a climate where learning flows among students and the professor"

3. Challenged-Based Learning
Problem-based learning
Case-based learning
Project-based learning
Learning by design
Inquiry learning
Anchored instruction
John Bransford, Nancy Vye and Helen Bateman. Creating High-Quality Learning Environments: Guidelines from Research on How People Learn 3

4. Problem/Project Based Cooperative Learning
TASK: Solve the problem(s) or Complete the project.
INDIVIDUAL: Estimate answer or visualize project. Note strategy.
COOPERATIVE: One set of answers/product from the group, strive for agreement, make sure everyone is able to explain the strategies used to solve each problem/complete the project.
EXPECTED CRITERIA FOR SUCCESS: Everyone must be able to explain the strategies used to solve each problem/complete the project.
EVALUATION: Best answer/product within available resources or constraints.
INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTABILITY: One member from your group may be randomly chosen to explain (a) the answer and (b) how to solve each problem.
EXPECTED BEHAVIORS: Active participating, checking, encouraging, and elaborating by all members.
INTERGROUP COOPERATION: Whenever it is helpful, check procedures, answers, and strategies with another group. 4

5. Engineering Design Project
The engineering method is design under constraints – Wm. Wulf, President, National Academy of Engineering
The engineering method is the use of heuristics to cause the best change in a poorly understood situation within the available resources – Billy Koen, Mechanical Engineering Professor, UT-Austin, author Discussion of the Method 5

6. Team Member Roles
Task Recorder
Process Recorder
Materials Manager 6

7. Project objective
Design and build a tower that can support a concentrated load (text book) at a height of least 25 cm. The tower is built from index cards and office tape.
Project rules
Materials are 100 index cards and one roll of office tape
Cards can be folded but not torn
No piece of tape can be longer than 2 inches
Tower cannot be taped to the floor, ceiling, or any other object
Tower must be in one piece, and easily transported in one hand
Time to design and build: 20 minutes
Height is measured from the ground to the lowest corner of the book placed on top
Tower must support book for at least 10 seconds before the measurement is made
Room must be cleaned up before measurements are made.

8. Group Processing Plus/Delta Format Delta (∆) Plus (+)
Things That Group Did Well
Delta (∆)
Things Group Could Improve

9. Teamwork & Project Management Heuristics--Examples
Identify the weak link and Allocate resources to the weak link
Freeze the design--at some stage in the project (when about 75% of the time or resources are used up) the design must be frozen
Discuss the process and ask meta-level questions, e.g., What are we doing? Why are we doing it? How does it help? 9

10. Problem-Based Learning
Problem posed
Identify what we
need to know
Learn it
Apply it
START 10

11. Subject-Based Learning
Told what we
need to know
Learn it
Given problem to
illustrate how to use it
START
Normative Professional Curriculum:
1. Teach the relevant basic science,
2. Teach the relevant applied science, and
3. Allow for a practicum to connect the science to actual practice. 11

12. Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
Problem-based learning is the learning that results from the process of working toward the understanding or resolution of a problem. The problem is encountered first in the learning process B Barrows and Tamlyn, 1980
Core Features of PBL
Learning is student-centered
Learning occurs in small student groups
Teachers are facilitators or guides
Problems are the organizing focus and stimulus for learning
Problems are the vehicle for the development of clinical problem-solving skills
New information is acquired through self-directed learning 12

13. •Positive Interdependence •Individual and Group Accountability
Cooperative Learning is instruction that involves people working in teams to accomplish a common goal, under conditions that involve both positive interdependence (all members must cooperate to complete the task) and individual and group accountability (each member is accountable for the complete final outcome).
Key Concepts
•Positive Interdependence
•Individual and Group Accountability
•Face-to-Face Promotive Interaction
•Teamwork Skills
•Group Processing
Table summarizes my perception of the shift. A version of this table is available in New Paradigms for Engineering Education -- FIE Conf proceedings 97 (avail on the www)
One of the most significant changes that has occurred is the shift from "pouring in knowledge" to "creating a climate where learning flows among students and the professor"