1. Salts, pH, and Buffers

2. Salts ionic compounds that dissolve in water and act as electrolytes
substances, all ions, that when dissolved in liquid enable the liquid to conduct electricity
ex: calcium phosphate salts - hardness of bones and teeth
responsible for nerve transmissions
some salts – coenzymes

3. are electrolytes that are covalently bonded.
Acids and Bases
are electrolytes that are covalently bonded.

5. Acids: taste sour release hydrogen ions (H+) proton donors
its the concentration of protons that determines degree of acidity
ex: stomach acid HCl → H+ + Cl-
proton + anion
In body- Gastric juice, uric acid, vitamin C, amino acids, nucleic acids, lactic acid, fatty acids, vaginal fluid

6. Bases: taste bitter feel slippery proton acceptors
release hydroxyl ions (OH-)
Ex.-
Common- Tums, baking soda, egg whites, sea water, Draino, bleach, oven cleaner
In body- blood, semen

8. pH Scale pH 7 = neutral pH below 7 = acidic pH above 7 = basic
Measures relative concentration of hydrogen ions
pH 7 = neutral
pH below 7 = acidic
pH above 7 = basic

10. Buffers
proteins and other types of molecules that resist large changes in body fluid pH
Chemicals that can regulate pH change

11. Review List the characteristics of organic molecules.
Name several examples of inorganic molecules that are essential to human life.
List the 5 reasons why water is important.
What is the role of water in a dehydration synthesis reaction?
What is the role of water in a hydrolysis reaction?
What are salts?
Give an example in humans of an acid. Of a base.
Give an example in humans of a base.
What does pH measure?
What is the pH of blood? Water?
Why is it important to maintain a normal blood pH?
Describe the role of buffers.