1. Nutrients:: Macronutrient: (large) Micronutrients: (small)
Carbohydrates
Protein
Lipids (Fats)
Nucleic Acids
Macronutrients are
Hydrocarbons (made of
carbon & hydrogen)
Micronutrients: (small)
Vitamins:
Vit C (healthy teeth & ligaments)
Vit D (healthy bones)
Vit A (night vision)
Minerals:
Calcium (healthy bones)
Iron (prevents anemia)
Sodium (water regulation; heart & nerve function etc.)

2. CARBOHYDRADES (CHO) Carbohydrates are made of: ▪ Carbon (C)
▪ Hydrogen (H) ▪ Oxygen (O)
Carbohydrates include:
Monosaccharide (ex. Glucose)
One ________
Disaccharides (sucrose)
_____ ________
Polysaccharides (starch, cellulose )
Main Function: Rapid energy source, cell markers etc

3. PROTEIN Proteins are made of: Main Function:
Long chains of amino acids (aa)
Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen & oxygen
Main Function:
Structural: ►cell membrane (transport)
►enzymes (biological catalysts)
►hormones (insulin, adrenaline)

4. LIPIDS (FATS) Lipids are made of: Lipids include: Main Function:
Fatty acids (fa), glycerol, phosphates
Lipids include:
Phospholipids; Triglycerides (TG); Cholesterol
Main Function:
Energy storage (TG)
Structural: ►cell membrane (phospholipid)
►bile salts (cholesterol)
►hormones (cholesterol)

5. NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleic acids are made of: Nucleic acids include:
Nucleotides; sugars(ribose) & phosphate
Nucleic acids include:
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Main Function:
Genes (inheritance)
Control of all cell function & characteristics
Protein synthesis

6. Enzymes

7. Enzymes Protein catalyst Protein – chain of amino acids
Catalyst – speeds up chemical reactions

8. Substrates to Products
The molecules entering the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products.
Each enzyme works with a very specific substrate.

9. Enzymatic Reaction
Enzyme not altered in the reaction

10. Activation energy All reactions have an activation energy
Enzyme lowered energy needed

11. Environment
Enzymes have an optimal temperature and pH level