1. Cerebral Cortex Cerebral hemispheres Gray & white matter
Gyri & sulci (in humans)
Fissures
Longitudinal, central, lateral
Corpus callosum
Connects the 2 hemis

2. Cerebral Cortex 4 lobes of the brain Frontal Parietal Occipital
PFC
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

3. 4 Lobes of the Brain Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal
Motor function
PFC
Complex cognitive functions
Parietal
Somatosensory (touch)
Perceiving location of body & objects
Attention
Occipital
Vision
Temporal
Hearing & language

4. 4 Lobes of the Brain

7. Cells of the Nervous System
Neurons
Glia

8. Cells of the Nervous System: Neurons
Cells specialized for the reception, conduction & transmission of electrochemical signals
Different classes based on shape/# of projections from cell body
Multipolar
Most neurons are multipolar
Unipolar
Bipolar
Interneurons

9. Neurons

10. Parts of the Neuron Dendrites Cell body (soma) Axon hillock Axon
Receive input from other neurons
Cell body (soma)
Energy center; contains the nucleus
Axon hillock
Where the soma joins the axon
Axon
Sends signal from the soma towards other neurons
Myelin sheath
Insulation around the axon to increase the speed of the signal
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps between myelin sections
Terminal Buttons
End of axon branches that release chemicals into the synapse

11. Parts of the Neuron Synapse Synaptic vesicles Neurotransmitters
Gaps between terminal buttons of sending neuron & dendrites of receiving neuron
Where chemical signals are released
Synaptic vesicles
Packages inside the terminal buttons that contain ready-to-release neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters
Molecules that are released to transmit the chemical signal from one neuron to another

13. Neurons Lipid bilayer: neuron cell membrane Groups of nerve structures
Channel proteins
Groups of nerve structures
Mostly cell bodies:
In CNS: nuclei
In PNS: ganglia
Mostly axons:
In CNS: tracts
In PNS: nerves

14. Cells of the Nervous System: Glia
Long ignored by neuroscience
Glia ≥ neurons
4 main types
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann Cells
Microglia
Astrocytes

15. Cells of the Nervous System: Glia
Oligodendrocytes:
Make up myelin sheaths that wrap around axons in the CNS to increase the speed of signal conduction
1 glia: multiple myelin
Schwann Cells:
Similar function but in the PNS
1 glia: 1 myelin
Can guide regeneration
Glia means glue

16. Cells of the Nervous System: Glia
Microglia:
Act in response to injury or disease; multiply and engulf cellular debris and trigger inflammatory responses
Astrocytes:
Contact blood vessels and neuron cell bodies to allow the transfer of some chemicals