1. SPM 100 Clinical Skills Lab 5
Pulse Oximetry and
Cardiac Monitoring
Daryl P. Lofaso, M.Ed, RRT

2. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
Normal Ranges pH
PaCO mmHg
PaO mmHg

3. Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve

4. Oxygen Transport Dissolved in plasma: Bond to Hemoglobin:
(vol % = (ml O2 /100cm3/mmHg)
x PaO2
Bond to Hemoglobin:
1.34 ml of O2/g of Hb x g of Hb x g of Hb/100 cm3 x % Saturated

5. Cyanosis
Approximately 5 g/dl of unoxygenated hemoglobin in the capillaries (> 5 gHb / 100ml of blood)

6. Hypoxemia: Signs and Symptoms
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Mental Status Changes

7. Changes in Oxygenation
Altitude
Hyperbaric Therapy
Carbon Monoxide

8. ECG Monitor Lead Placement

9. Anatomy of Hearts Electrical System

10. Basic ECG

11. Confirmation of Asystole
Check lead and cable
Monitor power
Monitor gain
Change leads

12. Cardiac Assessment
Ref: Bates 8ed

13. Heart Sounds
S1: “ lub” occurs at the beginning of systole (mitral and tricuspid close)
S2: “dub” marks the start of diastole,
(aortic and pulmonic close)
S3: (ventricular gallop) early signs of CHF
S4: (atrial gallop) pulmonic stenosis, aortic stenosis, hypertension, MI & cardiomyopathy

14. Professional Conduct Introduce yourself
Explain the procedure / examination to the patient
Ask the patient if they have any questions
Cover the patient with a sheet. Only expose area examining while performing a procedure/examination