1. Bacterial Transformation

2. Biotechnology today Genetic Engineering Electrophoresis
Recombinant Technology
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Transgenics/GMO’s
Cloning

4. Recombinant Technology
rDNA is DNA with 2 or more sources
Bacteria are used to copy DNA and make desired proteins
Identify gene of interest and cut it out
_____________________________
insert plasmid into bacteria
____________________________________
bacteria can express new gene or make copies of inserted DNA

6. Restriction Enzymes – Cut the DNA!
evolved in bacteria to cut up foreign DNA from viruses
Molecular scissors that cut between specific bases
-______________are where the enzyme cut allow for joining with another piece of DNA cut with the same enzyme

7. Recombinant tech. Transformation
Insert_______________plasmid into bacteria
grow recombinant bacteria in agar cultures
bacteria make lots of copies of plasmid
______________________________
production of many copies of inserted gene
production of “new” protein
transformed phenotype
DNA  RNA  protein  trait

8. insert “gene we want” into plasmid... “glue” together
Recombinant Plasmid
________________________________________
cut DNA
gene we want
like what?
…insulin
…HGH
…lactase
cut plasmid DNA
Cut DNA?
DNA scissors?
ligase
insert “gene we want” into plasmid... “glue” together
recombinant plasmid

9. Transgenics – __________________________
__________________________________
enabling plants to produce new proteins
Protect crops from insects: BT corn
corn produces a bacterial toxin that kills corn borer (caterpillar pest of corn)
Extend growing season: fishberries
strawberries with an anti-freezing gene from flounder
Improve quality of food: golden rice
rice producing vitamin A improves nutritional value

10. Transformed vertebrates
Green with envy??
Jelly fish “GFP”
Transformed vertebrates

11. Clone
____________________________________________________________________

12. Cloning Process The nucleus from a _________ (body) cell is harvested
An ________ is harvested and the nucleus of the egg is removed
_________________________________________________________________________________
An electric shock causes the cell to replicate
_______________________________________________________________