1. Separate-but-Equal
AP Government 2012

2. Motivation
Is it possible for there to be separate, but equal educational institutions?
What are the pro’s and con’s of it as a system?
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) established the separate-but-equal doctrine.

3. Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy was 7/8 white and 1/8 black refused to obey the Louisiana law requiring blacks and whites to occupy separate cars on trains operated by the state.

4. 14th Amendment (1868)
“No state shall… deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
This is known as the equal protection clause.
Did Plessy v. Ferguson reaffirm this right?

5. Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
Student presentation
De jure (legally permitted) segregation vs. de facto (circumstances produce it even though no law requires it) segregation
Led to Civil Rights movements in the 1950’s and 1960’s
Rosa Parks
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Martin Luther King, Jr.

6. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
Forbade specific forms of discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, and gender
Outlawed discrimination in public places of accommodation, such as hotels, restaurants, theaters, and public transportation
It cut off federal funds for any federal or state government project or facility that practiced any form of discrimination.
It banned discrimination in employment.
It outlawed arbitrary discrimination in employment.
It outlawed arbitrary discrimination in voter registration.
It authorized the federal government to sue to desegregate public schools and facilities.

7. Article on Civil Rights Act of 1964
Read the article, Supreme Court Scales Back Part of the ’64 Civil Rights Act.
What changes does this ruling make regarding:
Minimum SAT scores for UC/NCAA
Title IX
Private law suits
Environmental justice movements

8. To enforce the Fourteenth Amendment more clearly, Congress passed the
A. Civil Rights Act of 1964
B. Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act
C. Social Security Act
D. Twenty-sixth Amendment
E. War Powers Resolution