1. Aftermath of WW2
Roots of the Cold War

2. Post-WW2 Realities Devastation Holocaust Occupation
Europe, Japan, China, USSR destroyed
Refugees, orphans, homeless, hunger, sick
Holocaust
Nazi inhumanity >> Nuremberg Trials
“Crimes Against Humanity” + “War Crimes”
Occupation
USSR occupies Eastern part of Europe
US occupies Japan
US-GB-F occupy Western Germany + Austria

3. Occupation Zones

4. United Nations (UN) 4/45 created in SF >> NYC UN Charter sets up
Purpose:
Maintain peace & collective security
Promote co-operation
Protect human rights
Provide global assistance

5. USA-USSR Breakup: Why? US & USSR emerge as “superpowers”
US A-bomb ’45 >> USSR A-bomb ‘49
Different experiences = Mistrust:
US unharmed + late counterattack in West + $$
USSR destroyed + high death rate + no $$
Different goals:
US: Promote democracy, Free trade
Strong Germany as ally
USSR: Promote communism, buffer zone, status
Weak Germany, neutral

6. 1940s Tensions >> Responses
USSR > initiates communist revolt in Greece/Turkey
USSR remains in Eastern Europe with no Free Elections as promised, strips G of resources
Berlin Blockade ’48, cuts off Berlin
NATO formed ‘49
Truman Doctrine = US to “contain” communism > G/T aid
W. Germany created +
Marshall Plan = US aid to rebuild Europe, US biz ↑↑ $$
Berlin Airlift ’48-’49 = Operation Vittles
Warsaw Pact ‘55

7. Berlin Blockade >> Berlin Airlift

8. NATO ’49 vs. Warsaw Pact ‘55

9. The Result? Cold War High tension between US – USSR 1945 - 1992
Global alignment & division
Blocs: Economic & Political alliances
Non-Aligned nations: India
No direct US – USSR war but…
Indirect War thru “proxy”:
China, Korea, Vietnam, Middle East, Africa, Central America
Indirect War thru “propaganda”
Film, Books, TV, Radio, Sports (Olympics)
Indirect War thru espionage
CIA vs. KGB, “intelligence gathering”

10. A World Divided in Late 20th C.
China turns Communist in 1949 under Mao Zedong