1. Introduction to Bonding

2. Vocabulary Chemical Bond
attractive force between atoms or ions that binds them together as a unit
bonds form in order to…
decrease kinetic energy (KE)
increase stability

3. NaCl CO2 Vocabulary CHEMICAL FORMULA IONIC COVALENT Metal + Nonmetal

4. NaNO3 NaCl Vocabulary COMPOUND 1 2 3 1 2 more than 2 elements
Binary
Compound
Tertiary
Compound
NaNO3
NaCl

5. NO3- Na+ Vocabulary ION 1 2 1 1 type of atom 2 or more type of atoms
-a charged particle
ION
-results when an atom gains or loses e-’s
1 type
of atom
2 or more type
of atoms
Monatomic
Ion
Polyatomic
Ion
1 2 1
NO3-
Na+

6. A. Energy of Bond Formation
Potential Energy
based on position of an object
low PE = high stability

7. A. Energy of Bond Formation
Potential Energy Diagram
attraction vs. repulsion
no interaction
increased attraction

8. A. Energy of Bond Formation
Potential Energy Diagram
attraction vs. repulsion
increased repulsion
balanced attraction & repulsion

9. A. Energy of Bond Formation
Bond Energy
Energy required to break a bond
Bond Energy
Bond Length

10. A. Energy of Bond Formation
Bond Energy
Short bond = high bond energy

11. Types of Bonds IONIC COVALENT
Bond Formation
e- are transferred from metal to nonmetal
e- are shared between two nonmetals
Type of Structure
crystal lattice
true molecules
Physical
State
solid
liquid or gas
Melting
Point
high
low
Solubility in
Water
yes
usually not
Electrical Conductivity
yes (solution or liquid) no
Other
Properties
Metal + Nonmetal
Nonmetal + Nonmetal

12. Ionic Bonding - Crystal Lattice
Types of Bonds
Ionic Bonding - Crystal Lattice

13. A. Energy of Bond Formation
Lattice Energy
Energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions

14. Covalent Bonding - True Molecules
Types of Bonds
Covalent Bonding - True Molecules
Diatomic Molecule

15. Bond Polarity Electronegativity
Attraction an atom has for a shared pair of electrons.
higher e-neg atom  -
lower e-neg atom +

16. Bond Polarity
Electronegativity Trend
Increases up and to the right.

17. Bond Polarity Nonpolar Covalent Bond e- are shared equally
symmetrical e- density
usually identical atoms

18. + - Bond Polarity Polar Covalent Bond e- are shared unequally
asymmetrical e- density
results in partial charges (dipole) + -

19. Electrons are transferred from metal to nonmetal.
Ionic Bond
Electrons are transferred from metal to nonmetal.
The metal will lose e- and become +
The nonmetal will gain e- and become -
Metal
Nonmetal

20. Bond Polarity
Nonpolar
Polar
Ionic

21. Bond Polarity Examples: Cl2 HCl 3.0-3.0=0.0 Nonpolar 3.0-2.1=0.9 NaCl
=2.1
Ionic