1. ACID – BASE REACTIONS
Chapter 25

2. When Acids and Bases Interact
Acids are proton donors (Their chemical formulas begin with H-)
Bases are proton acceptors (Their chemical formulas end in –OH or -CO3)
When acids and bases mix, they NEUTRALIZE each other!

3. Neutralization Reactions
The H- in the acid bonds with the –OH in the base to make:
H2O (WATER!)
The cation (metal) in the base bonds with anion in the acid and makes a salt!

4. Neutralization Reactions
For Example:
NaOH (aq) + HCl(aq)  NaCl + H2O
base acid salt water
Ca(OH)2 + 2 HCl  CaCl2 + H2O
base acid salt water

5. When Acids and Bases Interact
Acid –Base Neutralization Reactions ALWAYS forma SALT and WATER
NaOH HCl  H2O NaCl

6. The Second Type of Base
Another type of base is one formed from a metal and a carbonate polyatomic ion:
Ca CO  CaCO3
Calcium and carbonate form a base!

7. Neutralization with carbonate bases:
Carbonates will react with acids to form water, a salt, and also CARBON DIOXIDE gas!
CaCO HCl  H2O + CaCl2 + CO2
Base acid water salt carbon dioxide

8. EXAMPLES: LiOH + HBr  H2O + LiBr CaCO3 + H2SO4  H2O + CaSO4 + CO2
Ca(OH)2 + 2 HI 
2 H2O CaI2

9. EXAMPLES: H2SO4 Sulfuric acid HBr Hydrobromic acid H3PO4
Phosphoric acid
HNO2
Nitrous acid
HCl
Hydrochloric acid