1. ACID AND BASES

2. ACIDS
An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a pH less than 7
Properties of acids: generally taste sour, are corrosive to metals, turns blue litmus paper red and reacts with a base to produce a salt and water

3. Acids pH level ranges from 0 to 6
An acid with a pH of 0 is a very strong acid
An acid with a pH of 6 is a weaker acid
Examples of acids: lemon juice, vinegar, HCl

4. BASES
A base is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a pH greater than 7
Properties of bases: have a bitter taste, feel slimy or soapy, are not corrosive to metals, turns red litmus paper blue and phenolphthalein red

5. Bases react with acids to produce a salt and water
The pH level of bases ranges from 8 to 14
A base with a pH of 8 is a weak base
A base with a pH of 14 is a strong base
Examples of bases: baking soda, Tums, Drano, NaOH

6. pH SCALE
pH 7 - neutral

7. Neutralization
The reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization
Acids are a source of H+ ions, hydrogen ions
Bases are a source of OH- ions, hydroxide ions
During neutralization these two ions combine to form water
The products of neutralization are ALWAYS a salt and water

8. Example
If we reacted hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide, neutralization would occur
HCl + KOH KCl + H2O
Our product is potassium chloride, which is a salt, and water

9. ACIDS AND BASES EVERYWHERE!!!!!!
Industrial processes:
Acids and bases are used as reactants and catalysts to make goods
Biological systems:
Acids can be found throughout our body, our stomachs contain HCl, DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid, and amino acids which make up our proteins
Bases react with the oil in our skin to form a soapy film

10. Domestic applications:
You have many acids and bases in your home that you use for a variety of reasons
Acids: orange juice, soft drinks, vinegar
Bases: bleach, oven cleaner, baking soda