1. 11/17/2018
Naming Acids and Bases

2. Naming Bases Bases contain an OH group
C6H12O6 does not have an OH group
If an OH group is present it will be clearly indicated: e.g. NaOH, Ca(OH)2
Also notice that bases have a metal (or positive ion such as NH4+ at their beginning)
Bases are named like other ionic compounds:
+ve is named first, followed by the polyatomic ion
- calcium hydroxide
- copper(I) hydroxide
- Al(OH)3
- NH4OH
Ca(OH)2
CuOH
aluminum hydroxide
ammonium hydroxide

3. Acids
If you know a compound’s chemical formula, you may be able to identify it as an acid.
Acids often behave like acids only when dissolved in water.
Therefore, acids are often written with subscript (aq) = aqueous = water
The chemical formula of an acid usually starts with Hydrogen (H).
Acids with a carbon usually have the C written first.
HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid, HNO3(aq) = nitric acid, CH3COOH(aq) = acetic acid

4. Naming Acids Hydrogen + …-ide = Hydro…ic acid
HF(aq) = hydrogen fluoride = hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen + …-ate = …ic acid
H2CO3(aq) = hydrogen carbonate = carbonic acid
Hydrogen + …-ite = …ous acid
H2SO3(aq) = hydrogen sulphite = sulphurous acid

5. Naming Acids: Binary acids
All acids contain H
Most acids start with H (e.g. HCl, H2SO4)
2 acids types exist: binary acids and oxyacids
Binary: H + non-metal. E.g. HCl
Oxy: H + polyatomic ion. E.g. H2SO4
Each have different naming rules.
Binary acids: naming depends on state of acid
If it’s not aqueous: hydrogen + non-metal
HCl(g) = hydrogen chloride
If it is aqueous: hydro + non-metal + ic acid
HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid (aqueous hydrogen chloride)

6. HBr(s) HI(aq)
H2S(aq) H2S(g)
hydrogen bromide
hydr(o)iodic acid
hydrogen sulfide
hydrosulfuric acid

7. Naming Acids: Oxyacids
Naming does not depend on the state (aq)
1) name the polyatomic ion
2) replace ate with ic, ite with ous
3) change non-metal root for pronunciation
4) add “acid” to the name
E.g. H2SO3
1) sulphite,
2) sulphous,
3) sulphurous,
4) sulphurous acid
HNO hypochlorous acid
H3PO4(aq) carbonic acid

8. Naming Acids: Oxyacids
Naming does not depend on the state (aq)
1) name the polyatomic ion
2) replace ate with ic, ite with ous
3) change non-metal root for pronunciation
4) add “acid” to the name
E.g. H2SO3
1) sulphite,
2) sulphous,
3) sulphurous,
4) sulphurous acid
HNO hypochlorous acid
H3PO4(aq) carbonic acid
- nitrous acid
- HClO
- phosphoric acid
- H2CO3

9. Give formula or name a) chloric acid b) hydrosulfuric acid
c) hydrobromic acid
d) phosphorous acid
e) iodic acid
f) HCl(g)
g) HCl(aq)
h) H2SO4(s)
i) H2SO4(aq)
j) HClO2
k) HF(aq)
a) HClO3
b) H2S(aq)
c) HBr(aq)
d) H3PO3
e) HIO3
f) hydrogen chloride
g) hydrochloric acid
h) sulfuric acid
i) sulfuric acid
j) chlorous acid
k) hydrofluoric acid