1. The Changing Face of America
The New Immigrants
The Changing Face of America

2. Who were the new immigrants?
Pre-1870: mostly Northern and Western European
Mainly Protestant
1870 to World War I-mostly Southern and Eastern European
Often Catholic or Jewish
Assimilation Issues

3. Push and Pull Factors 2 Main reasons for leaving home Push Factors
War, Famine, and Religious discrimination
Pull Factors
Economic opportunity, political freedom, and religious freedom

4. The Journey to America

6. Ellis Island Opened in 1892 Nearly all European immigrants through NYC
From about 10 Million immigrants thru Ellis Island

9. Angel Island, San Francisco
Mainly processed Chinese immigrants
Rigorous inspection
Delayed entry to the United States
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

12. Opportunities & Challenges in America
Cities: Ghettoes=ethnic neighborhood
Factory work
Settlement houses: place to learn English and American Culture
Maintain “old” traditions in neighborhood schools and churches/synagogues
Nativism: Commonly held belief by many native-born Americans of their superiority to immigrants

13. Urbanization Northeast, Midwest, Pacific Coast
Jobs: factories and service industries
Women start to move into the workforce
Many large cities over 40% foreign immigrants

16. Technology and the City
Infrastructure issues
Improve life
Architecture
Mass Transit
Urban Planning

17. Overcrowding
Tenement Housing: multistory building split into small apartments to house as many families as possible.
Dangerous: crime, disease, fires
Need of professional services