2. First Nations and Inuit (Aboriginals) were the original peoples living in North America long before Canada was discovered by Europeans.
Before colonization, their territories encompassed most of Canada.
Colonization began when explorers were sent to discover and settle territory for countries such as France and England.
The history of these significant founding groups of people contributed to the country Canada is today.

3. Historically, when collectives such as First Nations and Europeans met and came together, each brought their own points of view, perspectives, and values.
This has, at times, caused both conflict and greater misunderstandings as the different collectives expressed themselves.
Aboriginal groups traditionally believe that humans are but one part of the whole.
Europeans saw themselves as superior to everything else in the pyramid (including First Nations).

4. What are the Numbered Treaties?
The Numbered Treaties are historic agreements that affect the rights and identity of some First Nations in Canada.
The Numbered Treaties have roots in the Royal Proclamation of 1763.
Britain made the proclamation at the end of the Seven Years’ War, wanting to establish control over lands in North America formerly claimed by France.
The proclamation recognized First Nations’ rights to land, and established the principle of making treaties with First Nations through peaceful negotiation.

17. The buffalo were disappearing – there was a massive market for buffalo
materials
•You could get $2 per hide from leather manufacturers
Example: J.A. Gaff claimed to have killed 5200 in one
Year
•farmers did not like buffalo -why?
•railroads impacted buffalo
•they were almost extinct in just 10 years!

18. Charles Rath, famous buffalo hunter, seated on rick of 40,000 hides in Robert Wright's Dodge City hide yard in 1878, with M.W. (Doc) Anchutz (in white shirt, back). FCHS.

20. Buffalo shooting was a sport for train passengers.