1. Respiratory System

2. Respiratory & Conducting Zones
Respiratory zone - Site of gas exchange • Consists of bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli Conducting zone • Provides rigid conduits for air to reach the sites of gas exchange • Includes all other respiratory structures (e.g., nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea) • Respiratory muscles – diaphragm and intercostal muscles that promote ventilation

4. Respiratory Functions
I.  Provide surface area for the diffusion of gasses
A. Oxygen (To be transported to the cells for aerobic respiration)
B. Excrete carbon dioxide
II. Warm, moisten, and filter inspired air
III. Regulate blood pH

5. Respiratory Organs Breathing structures Nose (Filters air)
Sinuses (Warm and moisten air)
Pharynx
Trachea
Lungs
a.      Bronchi
b.     Bronchioles
c.      Alveoli

9. Respiratory Organs Accessory structures Diaphragm
Contraction results in inhalation
Relaxation results in exhalation
Vocal cords

11. Pulmonary Ventilation
•      A mechanical process that depends on volume changes in the thoracic cavity
•      Volume changes lead to pressure changes, which lead to the flow of gases to equalize pressure
V  P  F (flow of gases)

12. Boyles Law
•      Boyles law – the relationship between the pressure and volume of gases
P1V1 = P2V2
•    P = pressure of a gas in mm Hg
•    V = volume in cubic millimeters
•    Subscripts 1 and 2 represent the initial and final conditions, respectively

16. KNOW THESE CHEMICAL REACTIONS!!!!
At the alveoli of the lungs
At the somatic cells

18. Healthy Lungs and Smokers Lungs

19. Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelia

21. 3 lobes of a lung on the right and 2 on the left…WHY?