1. Types of Promotional Activities

2. Three Types of Promotional Activities
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Health promotion is not entirely about preventing people from becoming ill. It is important part of the overall work f health promotion, but it is also important to work with people who are already ill in some way.
There are 3 types of health promotional activities. Primary, secondary and teritary. What do you think they mean? Open question, take answers. Say will explore now. Ask if they have ever heard the terms before (eg primary school, secondary school, tertiary education, tertiary jobs etc.

3. Primary Prevention
Aimed at reducing the possibility of getting a disease. Examples include:
Childhood immunisation programmes
Smoking education as part of the PSHE in schools
Legislation for healthy foods in schools and banning of unhealthy foods - think Jamie Oliver!
Ask them about childhood immunisation programmes - eg mmr, polio, diptheria, bcg at (stopping this), meningitis. You can’t force people to have an injection – it is still choice. There has been controversy about mMR so some people are not getting their children done and therefore measles is coming back. (one childcare student is off with mumps as we speak!)
Why is healthy eating in schools primary prevention? Because it gets people into healthy habits, they will become accostomed to healthy foods (we must try things to be able to like them. Have you heard of the expression “acquired taste” it is associated with usually strong tasting foods such as blue cheese. People might not like it the first time they try it, but there is something unusual about it that draws them to try it again and then they like it. Also, if all we eat is sugar, we won’t be able to taste truly sweet things like grapes. Natural sugars won’t have the same appeal. We will miss out on minerals and vitamins. Have you seen the programme called “honey we’re killing the kids?” jessica and richard were having 60+ spoons of sugar a day and not getting proper food. They would be dead at least 10 years younger than they should, be undernourished, get type 2 diabetes (blind, amputations, insulin injections daily etc) coma and die. Etc.
Which model is the Jamie school dinners health promotion? (educational – giving them new foods to try, giving them a choice etc).
Can you think of other primary prevention health promotions (drink driving, drugs education – anything which tries to get to people BEFORE they are ill/affected)

4. Secondary Prevention
Addresses people who have been identified as being in the early stages of disease
If someone has been been diagnosed HIV+ through a blood test they would not be ill straight away. They could be given drug therapy to help prevent the onset of symptoms. They could also be referred to a support group.
Positive Women’s Network – for women living with HIV/AIDS
Johannesburg
What would a support group do? What are the benefits of support groups?
Ask students to list the benefits of support groups, things like: knowing they are not alone in their situation – it helps to talk to people who really understand rather than people who say “mmm, I know how you feel” but don’t actually know how you feel. You can get a pool of knowledge and information – people will collect relevant information and bring it along, you can pick up tips for how to cope in certain situations, you have people you can ring up if you have a question (not a medical professional person which can be time consuming eg sitting in a doctors waiting room for ages and then you only get 10 minutes at the most. With support group people know you much better and you don’t have to give a whole load of back ground information. )
Ask whether this is true of all support groups - smoking cessation, AA, Fight club… show fight club – people need to cry!
Ask them to list the benefits of 1-1 counselling.
Blood pressure. If someone is diagnosed high blood pressure, this is the beginning stages of disease. What could someone do? (exercise, drug therapy etc. )

5. Michael J Fox has Parkinson’s Disease
Tertiary Prevention
The control & reduction (as far as possible) of a disease or disability that is already established.
Difficult to distinguish from medical care.
There are still choices related to prevention for the patient. EG someone diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease could be given information and helped in managing the condition so as to live as independently as possible.
Michael J Fox has Parkinson’s Disease
Tertiary prevention means preventing ending up dependent and having poor well-being. Some people manage their illness to carry on with life as normal as possible. Can you think of famous people with a disease who carry on in the face of their illness:
Stephen Hawking - students to read E9 and answer questions. Others include Michael J Fox - Parkinson's disease, David Blunkett – visual impairment. Heather McCartney, Kate Moss – drug addiction, Gordon Banks – goal keeper now blind in one eye. Sharon Osbourne – bowel cancer, Asa Hartford – hole in heart.