1. Layer’s of the Earth
MYP 2

2. What do Scientists know about Earth?
It’ s very hot inside of Earth
At about 3.5 KM under the Earth’s surface it is 127 degrees Farenheit
AT 12 km down it’s hot enough to bake cookies (374 degrees Farenheit)
The pressure increases the farther down you go toward the earth’s Core
Only 1% of the geosphere has been studied. How else can we learn about earth?

3. Earthquake Waves
Earthquakes release energy in three different types of waves
As the waves move through earth they are affected by the different materials that the earth is made of
Depending on the behavior of the waves scientists can infer the density and composition of the materials of earth

4. Earth’s Layers Crust: The rocky outer layer of Earth
Thinner than all of the other layers
Least dense layer of the geosphere
Crustal rocks are under oceans and on land.
Crust under the ocean is oceanic crust
Crust on land is continental Crust

5. Earth’s Layers
Mantle: the thick middle layer in the solid part of the earth
Directly under the crust
Denser than the crust
Is made up of rock
Separated into layers

6. Earth’s Layers
Uppermost Mantle: ROCKS ARE BRITTLE AND RIGID, LIKE THE CRUST
Crust + Uppermost Mantle = Lithosphere
Below the Lithosphere the rocks are so hot that they melt and begin to flow
This layer is the Asthenosphere, The rocks flow so slow (Like the speed that your nails grow)

7. Earth’s Layers
The rock below the asthenosphere is hotter but doesn’t melt because of the amount of pressure in this part of the earth.
The high pressure squeezes the rock into a solid
The solid rock of the upper and lower mantle form the largest layer of the earth

8. Earth’s Layers Core: the dense metallic center of the earth
Made of metal
Gravity pulled the densest material to the center
Made of iron anD NICKEL
Liquid outer core
Solid inner core

9. Earth’s Layers Outer Core Inner Core
The effects the temperature outweighs the pressure
Scientists learned that it was liquid by using earthquake waves
Dense ball of solid iron crystals
The pressure is so high that even at temperatures of 6,000 degrees Celsius it stays solid
Spins faster than the rest of the earth

10. Earth’s Magnetic Field
Inner core spins faster than the outer core = Streams of molten iron in outer core
Magnetic field = magnetism produced by flow of molten materials in outer core
This is what compasses use to work
However it’s unstable and has reversed

11. Magnetosphere
Protects earth from cosmic rays and charged particles coming from the sun
Outer part of the magnetic field that interacts with these particles is the magnetosphere