1. Chapter 15 Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation

2. Introduction Americans took land by Manifest Destiny
Expanding your land as far as you can

3. Louisiana Purchase
Across the Mississippi lay the unexplored territory of Louisiana
From Canada to south of Texas
From Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains
Louisiana was owned by France
Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to use this land for French farmers, would have closed important ports that the U.S. needed
These ports were how the U.S got their crops to nations across the oceans. (Cotton)

4. The Noble Bargain
Thomas Jefferson sent James Monroe (5th President) to France to buy New Orleans from them
He was offering 7.5 Million dollars
Napoleon was afraid that the farmers would rebel and riot in his farmlands so he did not need the area anymore
Instead of just New Orleans, Napoleon sold the entire state of Louisiana to the U.S for 15 Million
Another reason was that France and Britain were about to go to war and he did not want to loose the land to them

5. The Purchase Debate
The real cost of Louisiana was 2 to 3 cents per acre
People in the U.S. were upset…. Why?
Big price tag
Deal tore constitution into pieces
East thought would lose power
Thought that Louisiana would divide into mini states
After all the discussion, Senate approved the purchase

6. Florida Andrew Jackson invaded Florida
Jefferson wanted to buy Florida from Spain and they said, “No deal!!”
Monroe sent Jackson to Florida to stop the raids and he stopped them and took over the state
Spain was upset and wanted him to be punished for his actions

7. “Govern or Get Out”
John Quincy Adams told Monroe to tell Spain that they need to govern Florida or get out of there!
In 1819, Spain gave Florida to the U.S. because they did not want to have a war with them.
In return, the U.S gave Spain 5 Million Dollars
U.S still let Spain control Texas

8. Questions What was Manifest Destiny? Who owned Louisiana?
Why did the US want to purchase Louisiana?
How much did we buy Louisiana for?
Why were citizens upset by the Louisiana Purchase?
Who owned Florida?
How did we get Florida?

9. Texas Texas was a great area for cotton farming
Southerners wanted Texas so they could make more money

10. Americans came to Texas
Stephen Austin owned land in Texas and he invited 297 American farmers to live on his land
This was called the “Old Three hundred”

11. Rising Tensions
In Nine years population of Americans in Texas went from approx 300 to 25,000
This caused tensions to rise between Americans and Mexicans
American Complaints:
They wanted to govern themselves
All government documents were in Spanish
There was no Slavery allowed in Texas

12. Mexican Complaints Americans came illegally to Texas
Americans had no respect for their culture
Americans had no intensions in becoming Mexican citizens

13. Texans Rebel
Americans wanted Texas as an independent Nation and rebelled because of it
Mexico’s governments was very mad
Santa Anna (Mexican war leader) declared war on the U.S citizens in Texas
He went to war bringing with him 6,000 troops

14. The Alamo
San Antonio, Texas is where the first battle took place in this war
The first battle was 6,000 Mexican soldiers vs. 180 Texan Volunteers
The Texans were outnumbered so they hid out in an old Mexican Mission named The Alamo
Key Texans in this battle:
Davy Crockett
William Travis
James Bowie

15. Santa Anna surrounded The Alamo
For 12 days, the Mexican Army pounded on the outside of the mission
The 13th day Santa Anna stormed in and killed all of the men inside
The Battle lasted only 90 minutes
Texans were mad and wanted revenge

16. Texas Wins its Independence
Sam Houston wanted to fight Santa Anna and gain Texas’ independence
Houston got Santa Anna in the middle of Texas away from his supplies and attacked him and his army as they slept
As they attacked he shouted out the famous words: “Remember the Alamo”
After the battle was over Texas won its independence

17. To Annex Texas or Not
Texas stayed independent for 10 years after the war
Congress finally decided that they would annex Texas
to add a territory to an established country
Texas became the 28th State in America

18. Questions Why did the southerners want Texas?
What was the “Old Three Hundred?”
What were the American complaints about Texas?
What were the Mexican complaints about Texas?
What was the Alamo?
Who were the three key Texans in the battle?
What did Sam Houston yell during the battle?
What does annex mean?
What number state is Texas?

19. Oregon Country
Claimed by four nations: Russia, Spain, Great Britain, and the US
Spain and Russia dropped out
Great Britain and US agreed to a peaceful “joint occupation”

20. Discovering Oregon
Lewis and Clark Expedition, too rugged for ordinary travelers
Jedediah Smith found better route called South Pass through the Rocky Mountains

21. Oregon Forever
First to travel South Pass were missionaries who made few converts (accept a new religion)
Oregon – “Pioneers Paradise”
Many settlers came for a fresh start
Oregon Fever

22. All of Oregon or Half?
Polk won election because of slogans about Oregon
“All of Oregon or none!”
“Fifty-four forty or fight!”
Didn’t want war with Britain so divided Oregon in half at 49th parallel
US and Britain settled without spilling a drop of blood

23. Questions What four nations claimed Oregon?
Which two nations ended up sharing the land?
Who went on an expedition to Oregon that was too rough for ordinary travelers?
Who found a better route to Oregon? What was it called?
Who were the first to travel to Oregon? Why?
What was the outcome on who received the land in Oregon?

24. War with Mexico Polk – wanted to expand the US as far as he could
Purchase or by force take California and New Mexico
Mexican territories that were neglected
Mexican officials refused Polk’s proposal to buy the land

25. War Breaks Out in Texas Annexation of Texas act of war to Mexico
They couldn’t agree on a border for Texas
Congress declared war on Mexico after firing on American Troops
Mexico thought we were greedy

26. Fall of New Mexico and California
General Stephen Kearny led Army from Kansas
Americans took control of New Mexico without firing a shot
John C. Fremont launched rebellion in CA
Arrested and jailed Mexican commander
Raised a flag showing a grizzly bear drawn with juice
Bear Flag Republic

27. United States Invades Mexico
Troops led by Zachary Taylor
“Old Rough and Ready”
Stopped by Santa Anna, but retreated from Northern Mexico
General Winfield Scott led troops in southern Mexico
“Old Fuss and Feathers”
Captured Mexico City

28. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico gave up Texas or half their territory, which included CA and NM
Mexican Cession
US had to pay them $15 million and protect Mexicans living there still
Some opposed the treaty:
No right to take Mexican territory other than Texas should return the land
Wanted even more land

29. “From Sea to Shining Sea”
James Gadsden purchased a strip of land south of the Mexican Cession for $10 million
Gadsden Purchase
Bully or invade was dark side to Manifest Destiny

30. Questions Which two territories did Polk want from Mexico?
Why did Congress declare war on Mexico?
How did California become known as the Bear Flag Republic?
What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Why did some senators oppose the treaty?
What purchase resulted in the nation stretching “from sea to shining sea?”
What was the dark side of Manifest Destiny?