1. The Cold War: Superpowers Face Off

2. YALTA Conference
THE “BIG 3”: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin
February 1945: Allied leaders discuss the future of the world
Secret Agreement between Roosevelt (USA) and Stalin (USSR) for Soviet assistance in invasion of Japan
Agreement to set up a United Nations which would have an inaugural meeting in San Francisco at the end of 1945
Agreement over the post-war division of Germany
Agreement over post-war fate of Nazi occupied territory (Europe)

3. POTSDAM July 1945
Stalin is the only leader left from the start of WWII. Truman in U.S.,
Clement Atlee in Great Britain. Discussions about the post war world,
With emphasis on democratic governments in Europe.

4. The War Ends The Nazi government in Germany officially surrenders
V-E Day is officially recognized as May 8, 1945.

6. Jewish Holocaust deaths
Country
Military deaths
Civilian deaths
Jewish Holocaust deaths
Total deaths
Deaths per 1,000 population
Soviet Union
10 million
11.5 million
1 million
23 million
137.1
Germany
5.5 million
1.8 mil
160,000
7.5 mil
108.2
France
212,000
267,000
83,000
562,000
13.5
United Kingdom
307,700
61,700
369,400
7.7
United States
407,300
11,200
418,500
3.2
Japan
1.9 million
700,000
2.6 million
36.1
China
4 million
6 million
18.9
Poland
400,000
2.2 mil
3 million
5.6 million
160.9
42 OTHER NATIONS
2.2 million
9.2 million
1.5 mil
11 million
Totals
25 million
31.5 million
5.75 mil
62 million
31.6

7. STALINS BETRAYAL Stalin goes back on the agreement
to have democratic, independent
European countries. Instead, he
Incorporated conquered lands into
the Russian “Sphere of Influence”.

8. Control of Germany
USSR agrees to split Berlin (in East Germany) into 4 sections:
Russian (East ½)
American, French, British (West ½)
Germany & Austria in general are controlled by USA, USSR, GB, FR

9. Divided German, Berlin and the Berlin Wall

10. Berlin Airlift, 1949

11. U.S. Combats Communism w/ Mutual Aid Agreements
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Org.
SEATO South East Asian Treaty Org.
More . . .
U.S.S.R. Counters U.S. Actions
Warsaw Pact
Rolling tanks in to Czechoslovakia
Supports Communist Revolution in Cuba

12. The “Third” World- A description for developing nations, often newly independent and not aligned with any of the Cold War superpowers.
Latin America
Asia
Africa
These countries often dealt with poverty and political instability.
What are the “First” and “Second” Worlds?

13. Providing Intelligence
Cold War Strategies
Revolution
Liberation
Counter Revolution
Through the use of the KGB, CIA and other intelligence services, the superpowers would manipulate the above through support of particular groups in 3rd World countries.
Providing Weapons
Providing Training
Providing Intelligence

14. Cuban Revolution- The U. S. had a long history of dealing with Cuba
Cuban Revolution- The U.S. had a long history of dealing with Cuba. Involved protectorship and support of corrupt dictators like Fulgencio Batista.
Fidel Castro- Supported by the Soviet Union. Eventually overthrew Batista in Instituted a communist regime opposed to the United States.

15. Berlin Wall- The wall separated East Germany from West Germany for more than a quarter-century, from the day construction began on 13 August 1961 until the Wall was opened on November 9, During this period, at least 98 people were confirmed killed trying to cross the Wall into West Berlin, according to official figures. However, a prominent victims' group claims that more than 200 people were killed trying to flee from East to West Berlin.

16. Space Race- Cold War competition extended to space, with the Soviet Union launching Sputnik in President Kennedy challenged the U.S. to put a human on the moon within 10 years.
Sputnik
Apollo lunar
landing, 1969
Yuri Gagarin, first
human in space

17. Nuclear Proliferation- The rapid increase in production of nuclear missiles by both sides, well beyond the amount needed to destroy the world.
SALT Conference
ICBM’s
Star Wars

18. Iranian Revolution- The United States supported the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi for many years. Security of Persian Gulf oil.
Islamic Revolution Led by Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini, this was a a rebellion against western influence and a desire to instill Muslim fundamentalism.

19. Afghanistan- Mostly independent for many years, the ruling communist party was threatened by a Muslim revolt. The neighboring Soviet Union invaded in 1979 to support the government.
United States supplied weapons to the mujahideen (Muslim rebels), eventually forcing the Soviet Union out.

20. Nicaragua- The U.S. supported a corrupt dictator (Anastasio Samoza) in Nicaragua. A popular, communist revolution, supported by the Soviet Union, won in 1979.
“Contras”- The U.S. supported a counter-revolutionary group that fought a civil war in Nicaragua for nearly 10 years. Free elections in 1990.
Daniel Ortega
Ronald Reagan
Anastasio Samoza

21. Détente- A period of lessening Cold War tensions that started with Richard Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev. Efforts increased in regards to nuclear disarmament and peaceful interchange.

22. Reagan Abandons Détente- Through support of counterrevolution and Star Wars, Reagan takes a hard line with the Soviet Union. Competition becomes more economic, which the Soviet Union could not keep up with.

23. Soviet Union Collapses- Not everyone in the Soviet Union was happy with Gorbachev’s reforms. Hard line communists attempted a coup (1991), which was put down by demonstrations, with the help of Boris Yeltsin. The Communist Party collapsed as a result.

24. Russian Republic is formed, and Boris Yeltsin is elected president
Russian Republic is formed, and Boris Yeltsin is elected president. All other Soviet countries are on their own. Control of Eastern Europe is abandoned, resulting in many new republics.