1. Chapter 4 Computer Software McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Learning Objectives
Describe several important trends occurring in computer software.
Give examples of several major types of application and system software.
Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing.

3. Define and describe the functions of an operating system.
Learning Objectives
Define and describe the functions of an operating system.
Describe the main uses of computer programming software, tools, and languages.
Describe the issues associated with open-source software.
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4. Combine functions of several programs Advantages
Integrated Packages
Combine functions of several programs
Examples: Microsoft Works, AppleWorks
Advantages
Lower price
Less disk space
Pre-installed on microcomputers
Disadvantages
Limited functionality

5. Collaborate on group assignments
Groupware
Collaborate on group assignments
, discussion groups, databases, video conferencing
Lotus Notes
Novell GroupWise
Microsoft Exchange
Some allow teams to create websites
Windows SharePoint Services, WebSphere

6. Software Alternatives
Outsourcing
Domestic
Offshore
Application service providers (ASPs)
Companies that own, operate, and maintain application software and computer system resources
Use the application for a fee over the Internet
Pay-as-you-go
Use expected to accelerate
Outsourcing = contract programmers

7. Software Alternatives
Cloud computing – services over the internet
Natural step from grid computing (Chapter 3)
Applications
Virtualized hardware resources
Vendors of cloud services
SAP Business ByDesign, Salesforce.com, Google Apps, MidlandHR’s “iTrent as a Service”
Advantages
Low barrier to entry
Cost Savings
More powerful software
Cloud computing is a style of computing in which software and, in some cases, virtualized hardware resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure “in the cloud” that supports them.

8. Categories of Group Software
System Management Programs
Manage the resources of a computer system
Examples:
Operating systems
Network management programs
Database management systems
System utilities
System Development Programs
Helps develop IS programs and procedures and then prepare them for processing
Language translators and editors
CASE and programming tools
System Management Programs
Hardware
Software
Network
Data resources
Examples:
Operating systems
Network management programs
Database management systems
System utilities
System Development Programs
Helps users develop IS programs and procedures and then prepare them for processing
Language translators and editors
CASE and programming tools

9. Integrated system of programs that…
Operating Systems
Integrated system of programs that…
Provides interface between user and computer
Manages the operations of the CPU
Controls the input/output, storage resources, and activities of the computer system
Provides support for application programs
Loaded first before other tasks

10. Popular Operating Systems
Windows
GUI, multitasking, networking, multimedia
Microsoft’s operating system
NT, XP, 2003, Vista, Windows 7
Different versions manage servers
Windows Server 2008
Based on Vista
Release 2 to correct performance and security issues
Microsoft’s primary stated objective with Vista, however, was to improve the state of security in the Windows operating system. One of the most common criticisms of Windows XP and its predecessors has been their commonly exploited security vulnerabilities and overall susceptibility to malware, viruses, and buffer overflows. In light of these complaints, then-Microsoft chairman Bill Gates announced in early 2002 a companywide “Trustworthy Computing Initiative” to incorporate security work into every aspect of software development at the company. Microsoft claimed that it prioritized improving the security of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 rather than finishing Windows Vista, significantly delaying its completion.
In 2009, Microsoft released their newest operating system, Windows 7. Unlike its predecessor, Vista, which introduced a large number of new features, Windows 7 was intended to be a more focused and incremental upgrade with the goal of being fully compatible with applications and hardware with which Vista was already compatible. Windows 7 has been very well received and is rapidly replacing the installed base of Vista without receiving any of the complaints and struggles encountered by Vista adopters and users.

11. Popular Operating Systems
Unix
AT&T
Multitasking, multi-user, network-managing
Portable across computer sizes
Linux
Low-cost, powerful, reliable
Similar to Unix-like
Open-source
Flexible
Multiple machines

12. Open-Source Licensing Characteristics
The Program
Must allow distribution of
Source code
Compiled form
The License
Shall not restrict selling or giving away
Must allow modifications
Must allow distribution
May restrict modified source code
Must not discriminate
Must not restrict other software distributed along with the licensed software
The Program
Must include source code and allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form
The License
Shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several sources
Must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software

13. Application virtualization
Allows software to run on a different operating system.
Advantages
One machine acts like multiple machines
Reduces the number of computers needed
Energy savings
Use software from multiple vendors
Application virtualization software rapidly blurring the boundaries between machines and operating systems and operating systems and applications. Add this to the cloud computing concept and we have the makings of an anytime, anywhere, any machine, any application world.

14. JEE6 – Java Enterprise Edition 6 Microsoft .NET
Web Languages
HTML
Hypertext documents for the Web
XML
Identifying tags or contextual labels
Digital publishing
Cheaper, faster
Java
Object-oriented
Simple, secure, and platform independent
Java applets on any computer
JEE6 – Java Enterprise Edition 6
Microsoft .NET
Web services are software components that are
Based on framework of Web and object-oriented standards and technology
Used to link the applications of different users and computing platforms via the Web
Microsoft .NET is a relatively new collection of programming support for what are known as Web services, the ability to use the Web rather than your own computer for various services.
Microsoft's .NET platform is expected to allow the entire range of computing devices to work together to update and synchronize user information and access to products and services from a starting point.

15. Help identify and minimize errors
Programming Tools
Help identify and minimize errors
Graphical programming interfaces
Programming editors
Debuggers
CASE Tools
Help in the software development process.
Combine many programming tools into a single application with a common interface
Used in different stages of the systems development process