1. 2. EARLY MODERN STATE

2. 2.1. AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHIES
European kings created a new way to reign implementing different measures:
Territorial unification under their power.
Monarch´s power inceased.
They created a permanent and mercenary armies, so they did not depend on the nobles.
Justice became controlled by monarchs.
Diplomacy dealt the external relationships.
Best examples: Louis XII (France), Henry VII (England) and Catholic Monarchs (Spain).

4. 2.2. SOCIAL CHANGES
Demography recovery after the crisis of 14th century.
Society was divided into strata:
Nobility and clergy
Bourgueoisie
Peasants

5. 2.3. ECONOMIC CHANGES AGRICULTURE There was more demand of food
CRAFTSMEN
They were associated in GUILDS
BANKS AND MONEY
Money circulated more because of the arrival of silver and gold
Banks were more common, and they gave loans with interest.

6. 3. HUMANISM

7. HUMANISM
It was an intellectual movement that was born in Italy and spread across Europe:
Based on thinkin of Greek and Latin philosophers.
They trusted in human beings.
The thinking evolved from THEOCENTRISM into ANTHROPOCENTRISM.
Printing press was invented by Johannes GUTTENBERG in 1440, it had many consequeces:
It was no necessary yo hand-copy books
Books were cheaper than before.

8. HUMANISTS NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI:
The Prince (1513): his ideas about authority and how to geovern:
The aims justifies the means

9. HUMANISTS ERASMUS OF ROTTERDAM (Dutch)
He said that it was necessary a moral reform in the society and in the Catholic Church.
THOMAS MORE (English)
Utopia (1516): he crisited the abuses of monarchs.
LUIS VIVES (Spanish)
He proposed an educational reform.

10. SCIENTISTS NICLAUS COPERNICUS: MIGUEL SERVET:
He formulated the HELIOCENTRIC THEORY: the Sun is the center of the universe.
MIGUEL SERVET:
He discovered the
pulmonary circulation