1. Supplemental instruction 1/23/2018
BIOL 211 Exam 1 review
Supplemental instruction
1/23/2018

2. Characteristics of science
Hypothesis: statement about the universe. Can be based on past experience and/or available data called facts.
Facts: things that happen and can be objectively observed.
Theories: explain why things happen.
Science: a fact-driven exercise in understanding the universe.
What are the 5 characteristics of science?
Testable
Falsifiable
Measurable
Reproducible
Objective

3. “Biologists practice evidence based decision making…”
Turn to a partner. In your own words, what does this statement mean?
Simply stated, “Biologists select a hypothesis and an invalid hypothesis based on prior experiments or observational data.”

4. 5 steps to scientific method
Formulate hypothesis
Design experiment
Test hypothesis
Reject or fail to reject hypothesis
Revise hypothesis or move on to new hypothesis arising from process

5. Characteristics of living things
Regulate internal conditions
Reproducible
Evolve
Use energy
Respond to environment
Composed of one or more cells
Grow

6. Viruses 3 hypotheses regarding the origin of viruses…
Progressive: viruses arose from mobile genetic elements
Regressive: viruses evolved from small cells that were parasites of larger cells
Virus-first: viruses evolved before their hosts as simple, self-replicating units that overtime became more complex. Viruses are the ancestors of the first cells.

7. Lytic vs. Lysogenic reproductive cycle
The viral nucleic acids are incorporated into the genome of its host is called the..?
Uses host reproductive machinery to replicate itself and destroys the host in the process..?
Lysogenic reproductive cycle
Lytic reproductive cycle

8. Prokaryotes Oldest organisms Very diverse Extremely abundant
Microscopic and really small
Unicellular
Little internal organization
2 Domains: Bacteria and Archaea

9. 3 methods of bacterial reproduction
Conjugation: genetic material is transferred between two cells that are temporarily joined.
Transduction: bacteriophages carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another.
Transformation: the genetic material in a cell is altered by the uptake of foreign DNA from the cell’s surroundings.

10. PRotists
”Endosymbiont Theory”
The ancestors of eukaryotic cells were once in a symbiotic relationship with prokaryotic cells.
Which means, mitochondria are the descendants of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria
Chloroplasts are the descendants of photosynthetic bacteria – cyanobacteria

11. No SI Friday!
Good luck on your test! Next session will be Monday, January 29th, from 2:10 to 3pm in Gilman 1051.