1. The Renaissance

2. Students will be able to explain what the Renaissance is and how Humanism changed Europe’s way of thinking.

3. What is the Renaissance?
A time in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century where there was a revival in art, literature, and learning. It marked the transition from the medieval to the modern world

4. Medieval (dark ages)
 Period between the Roman Empire and the Re-Birth of Europe.
 Not very many new ideas about art or literature.
 People did NOT think for themselves, and followed strict social structures and beliefs.

5. Let’s Remember Medieval Cities:
Space:
crowded within the walls
streets were narrow
second and third story of buildings reached over the streets

6. Let’s Remember Medieval Cities:
Fire:
danger was great
buildings were mostly wood
candles and wood fires were used for light and heat

7. Let’s Remember Medieval Cities:
Aroma:
not pleasant
dirty and smelled from human and animal waste
wood fires created air pollution

8. The Black Death ever before.
 By the early 1300’s, more goods were being shipped across central Asia than
ever before.
 This made it possible for the Black Death to spread so rapidly, as caravans infested with rats carried the plague from city to city.

9. Economic Impact of the Black Death
Financial business disrupted as debtors died, creditors found themselves without a way to get their money back
Construction projects stopped, no labor
force
Whole families died, with no heirs, their houses: empty

10. The Black Death changed the way people lived.
 The formerly poor and currently healthy became in demand workers. meant that they were no longer serfs.
This
 In this way the plague, like the Crusades, helped to weaken the Feudal System and change European society forever.

11. The Renaissance Mainly in Italy, was characterized by:
 A. Society became mainly urban (city), city-states powerful here, more of a secular world view (worldly things)
Venice by Carpaccio

12. Republican government arose in most cities. Citizens participated.
The Renaissance started in Italy where wealth from trade supported art learning.
Here also modern capitalism was born. Private individuals or companies, not the government, owned businesses. The main goal is profit.
Republican government arose in most cities. Citizens participated.

13. The Italian States
There was no centralized king formed, so it still had city-states
Milan: one of richest, crossroads of Italian trade routes, rulers created tax system that made $ for the government

14. The Italian States
Venice: on trade route from Asia to Europe, group of wealthy merchants ran it, made lots of
$ so it was international power
Venice

15. The Italian States
Florence: wealthy merchants controlled and developed a struggle between religious rule and merchants. This ended with downfall of religious leaders
Florence today

16. The Renaissance
Wealthy (less than 10%) actively embraced new ideas. Knowledge of the arts was a way to display one’s wealth
Poor saw and accepted ideas, saw ideas in art and architecture all around

17. Renaissance Society
Peasants: 85-90% of population, serfdom (slavery) ended with manorial decline
Townspeople: 3 groups; Patricians (trade, banking, industry), Burghers (shopkeepers, in a guild) Workers (very poor, 30-40% of city)

18. Andrea Mantegna, "Court of Mantua"
Family and Marriage
Family was important, used marriages to strengthen ties. Marriages were 2 or 3 years
Father-husband was center of family, mother supervised the house
Father decided when a child was considered adult in front of judge
Andrea Mantegna, "Court of Mantua"
(Gonzaga family),

19. Italian Vulnerability
With no king many Europeans kings invaded Italy
Charles VII of France invades in 1494, turn to Spanish for help, they win
No $ to pay so in troops of Charles I of Spain sack Rome

20. Art and Patronage the rich, city governments, church
 Wealthy Italians willing to spend a lot of $ on art
 Buyers of art, known as patrons, typically were
the rich, city governments, church
 In city of Florence, the Medici family provided $ to artists/intellectuals, etc.
Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!

21. Fill out the boxes in your Graphic Organizer as you view the Rest of the Presentation…

22. Humanism importance of the individual.
 Humanists formed a belief in the
importance of the individual.
 Humanism also valued classical culture.

23. Italian Renaissance Humanism
Petrarch, father of humanism, found and studied forgotten Latin texts
Loved books. Believed people could learn by reading on their own.
Petrarch favored solitude, later humanists focus on civic life

24. Humanist Beliefs, Not Feudalism!
 Humanists believe
that people have the ability to think for themselves and create their own life.
People can do this apart from social class or family.
King
Nobles. lords
Knights
Peasants
NOT STUCK IN THIS PYRAMID!
FREE TO THINK!

25. Humanism Vs. The church
 Humanists focused on the present. The Church focused on the afterlife.
 Humanists believed people should use their own minds and question everything. The Church believed people should follow its teachings without question in order to save their souls.

26. Machiavelli on Power
Machiavelli: Italian author of The Prince which discussed how to acquire & keep power
Middle Ages: morals based
on Christianity
Machiavelli: attitude to be based on human nature (self-centeredness)
 Prince acts for state so must let personal conscience sleep

27. Machiavelli on Power Machiavelli Quotes:
 “There is no avoiding war; it can only be postponed to the advantage of others.”
 “Before all else, be armed.”
 “Politics have no relation to morals.”
 “If an injury has to be done to a man it should be so severe that his vengeance need not be feared."

28. Gutenberg Printing Press
Johannes Gutenberg invented his printing press around 1450 in Germany
Allowed for the printing of books and sharing of ideas all over Europe and the world
China had one as early as 1041AD, but it was not with movable type

29. Only 26 are known to exist, the last one
Gutenberg Bible
Only 26 are known to exist, the last one
sold for $3.6 million.

30. Renaissance Education
Thought education could dramatically change human beings
Focus on liberal studies: history, moral philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, logic, poetry, mathematics, astronomy, and music (focus on virtue and wisdom)

31. Renaissance Education
PE was javelin throwing, archery, dancing, wrestling, running. Etc
Goal was to create a complete citizen
Women had no part of this

32. Italian Renaissance Art
imitate nature, see
reality in subject,
human focused
worldview,
perspective was
important, new realistic style
Frescos invented: painting in fresh, wet plaster with water based paints
Masaccio had first masterpieces in frescos
Gozzoli: Procession of the Kings

33. Italian Renaissance Art
Later focus on technical side of painting (perspective, lighting) and human form
Sculpture and architecture also important, folks like Donatello, Brunelleschi

34. Renaissance Masters
Leonardo da Vinci: mastered realistic paintings, even beyond; also scientist, thinker
Self Portrait
Vitruvian Man
Mona Lisa

35. Tank designs

37. Renaissance Masters
Raphael: mastered paintings of Madonna, idealized beauty, and frescos
Madonna with
Child

38. Cherubs

39. Renaissance Masters
Michelangelo: painter, sculptor, architect; paintings reflected divine proportions

40. The Last Judgment

41. The Sistine Chapel