1. The Cell: Anatomy & Division Pg. 30
Goals for Today:
1. Learn the anatomy of cells
2. Learn the function of each cell part
3. Become familiar with Mitosis
PRACTICAL 1 IS NEXT WEEK !!!!!!!!!

2. Homework
Pg. 525 #1, 3
Pg. 526 #4
Pg. 527 #8, 9
Pg. 528 #11, 12

3. What is a Cell? Cells are the structural unit of the body.
Form the tissues

4. The Diversity of Cells Epithelial Cells Red Blood Cells Gametes
Skeletal muscle cells
Cartilage cells

5. Cell Anatomy – The Plasma Membrane
Separates the cell from outside environment
Has selective permeability

6. Selective Permeability
Bouncer lets some people into
the bar, but not all people

7. Cellular Anatomy - Nucleus
Control center of the cell
Contains the DNA
Surrounded by a nuclear membrane

8. Cell Anatomy - Cytoplasm
Contents of cell outside the nucleus
Contains the organelles

9. The Organelles The machinery of the cell
Enable cells to perform functions
Ex: produce ATP, create proteins
Kitchen Cell
Organelles
Nucleus

10. Organelles – The Ribosome
Location of protein synthesis
Found free-floating or attached to endoplasmic
reticulum (Rough ER)

11. Organelles – Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER stores and transports proteins
made on the ribosomes

12. Organelles – Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER creates steroids and lipids

13. Organelles – The Golgi Apparatus
Flattened sacs that package proteins for
export out of the cell.

14. Organelles – Lysosomes
Contain digestive enzymes
Digest foreign substances entering the cell

15. Organelles – The Peroxisome
Contains the catalase enzyme
Controls the accumulation of H2O2 in body

16. Organelles – Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell
Produces ATP through breakdown of glucose

17. Cells Need to Reproduce
Growth
2. Replace old, worn out cells

18. The Cell Cycle

19. Interphase Cell spends most of its time in this phase
DNA in long strands called “chromatin”
Nuclear envelope intact
DNA replication occurs during the S Stage

20. Mitosis Division of the cell nucleus
One cell splits into 2 identical daughter cells
4 stages
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

21. Prophase Chromatin shortens into chromosomes
Chromosomes made up of 2 threads called “Sister Chromatids” held together at the centromere

22. (S Phase)
Centromere

23. Prophase Nuclear envelope breaks apart
Sister chromatids migrate to center of cell

24. Metaphase
Sister Chromatids line up in center of cell along the “metaphase plate”
Mitotic Spindle present

25. Anaphase Centromere of sister chromatid splits
Each chromosome is pulled to opposite end of the cell by the mitotic spindle

26. Telophase Chromosomal movement stops
Chromosomes uncoil into thin chromatin
Nuclear envelope reappears
Cytokinesis occurs

27. Cytokinesis Division of the cytoplasm in a cell
Cleavage furrow squeezes cells apart
Formation of two identical daughter cells
Daughter Cell
Cleavage Furrow
Daughter Cell

28. Mitosis vs. Meiosis vs. Cytokinesis
Mitosis: Division of the NUCLEUS in the cell
Meiosis: Nuclear division of gametes (egg,sperm)
Cytokinesis: Division of CYTOPLASM at the
end of Mitosis

29. Which stage of Mitosis are these cells in?