1. The promising link between movement and reading instruction
Anna Gall

2. History of reading instruction
Basal Readers
Individualized Reading Instruction
Phonics vs. Whole Language
Comprehension
Balanced Literacy
The point here is that all of these don’t use movement

3. Movement, a solid candidate for change
Why We Need Change
absent activity
missing motivation
subpar scores
How Movement Addresses Those Needs
It gets students moving and enforces the idea that fitness is important
Movement makes reading more fun
Physical activity and academic achievement are closely linked 1 1 2 2 3 3

4. Structuring the integration
According to Opitz (2011), both reading and movement are:
Active
Purposeful
Evaluative
Thoughtful
Strategic
Persistent
Productive
I propose targeting these commonalities through the use of movement and reading together.
Structuring the integration
How to Incorporate Movement in Reading Instruction

5. A Sample Activity Designed to Hit All Seven Shared Cognitive Processes
The Characters of the Underground Railroad
Students study specific people, through literature, and then play the game as those characters.
Active
Purposeful
Evaluative
Thoughtful
Strategic
Persistent
Productive
What does it look like
A Sample Activity Designed to Hit All Seven Shared Cognitive Processes

6. Not All Activities Need to Hit All Seven
Extensions:
Dramatic Monologues
Active
Productive
Thoughtful
Show What You Know
What does it look like
Not All Activities Need to Hit All Seven

7. Overcoming common barriers
Lack of time
Teaching content
test scores in reading are higher for students who are physically active (Chomitz, 2009; Donnelly & Lambourne, 2011; Fair, Hughey, Powers, and King, 2017)
Overcoming common barriers
The neural connections already exist (Opitz, 2011)
Areas of the brain activated during reading and movement are the same (Speer et al. 2009)
Students are more engaged when movement is part of the lesson (Vazou & Smiley-Oyen, 2014 )
Inability to learn and move
Movement as disruptive
Making it part of the routine makes it less distracting
Students are more on task with physical activity (Chomitz, 2009; Goh, Hannon, Webster, Podlog, & Newton, 2016)

8. Movement Can:
Help students be physically active and reinforce the concept that physical activity is important
Make reading more fun
Increase student test scores
It Should Be Implemented with Activities That Are:
Active
Purposeful
Evaluative
Thoughtful
Strategic
Persistent
Productive

9. references
Benes, S., Finn, K. E., Sullivan, E. C., & Yan, Z. (2016). Teachers’ perceptions of using movement in the classroom. The Physical Educator, 73,
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Center for Disease Control. (2017). Physical activity facts. Retrieved from
Chomitz, V. R., Slinning, M. M., McGowan, R. J., Mitchell, S. E., Dawson, G. F., & Hacker, K. A. (2009). Is there a relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement? Positive results
from public school children in the northeastern United States. Journal of School Health, 79(1),
Cothran, D. J., Kulinna, P. H., & Garn, A. C. (2010). Classroom teachers and physical activity integration. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, doi: /j.tate
Donnelly, J. E., & Lambourne, K. (2011). Classroom-based physical activity, cognition, and academic achievement. Preventive Medicine, 52, S36-S42. doi: /j.ypmed
Fair, M. L., Reed, J. A., Hughey, S. M., Powers, A. R., & King, S. (2017). The association between aerobic fitness and academic achievement among elementary school youth. Transitional Journal of the
ACSM, 2(9),
Goh, T. L., Hannon, J. C., Webster, C. A., & Podlog, L. (2017). Classroom teachers’ experiences implementing a movement integration program: Barriers, facilitators, and continuance. Teaching and
Teacher Education, 66,
Goh, T. L., Hannon, J., Webster, C., Podlog, L., & Newton, M. (2016). Effects of a TAKE 10! classroom-based physical activity intervention on third-to fifth-grade children’s on-task behavior. Journal
of Physical Activity and Health, 13,
Leppänen, U., Aunola, K., & Nurmi, J. E. (2005). Beginning readers’ reading performance and reading habits. Journal of Research in Reading, 28(4),
Michigan Department of Education. (2015). Grades K-8 social studies content expectations (pp. 9-41). Lansing, MI: State Board of Education.
National Center for Education Studies. (2015). NAEP Data Explorer. Retrieved from
National Governors Association Center for Best Practices, & Council of Chief State School Officers. (2010). Common Core State Standards for english/language arts: Grade 4 reading literature.
Retrieved from
Opitz, M. F. (2011). Transcending the curricular barrier between fitness and reading with FitLit. Reading Teacher, 64(7), doi: /RT
Sofo, S., & Asola, E. F. (2015). Perceived barriers to teaching movement and physical activity to kindergarteners in Ghana. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(36), Retrieved from
Speer, N. K., Reynolds, J. R., Swallow, K. M., & Zacks, J. M. (2009). Reading stories activates neural representations of visual and motor experiences. Psychological Science, 20(8),
Vazou, S., & Smiley-Oyen, A. (2014). Moving and academic learning are not antagonists: acute effects on executive function and enjoyment. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 36(5), 474–485.
doi: /jsep
Vazou, S., Gavrilou, P., Mamalaki, E., Papanastasiou, A., & Sioumala, N. (2012). Does integrating physical activity in the elementary school classroom influence academic motivation? International
Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(4),