1. Industrial Revolution

2. Ways of making and distributing new goods
What was the Industrial Revolution?
Major boom in new technology and means of production during the 18th and 19th centuries
Ways of making and distributing new goods
First country to industrialize was Great Britain

3. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
Agricultural Revolution
More food meant cheaper prices; peasants can buy manufactured goods
Population increase
Common land fenced off
More peasants have to move to cities
Money for investments
Called Capital
Entrepreneurs found new businesses and ways to make money

4. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
Natural resources
Rivers for transportation and water power
Supplies of coal and iron
More markets to sell goods
Several British colonies
More commoners can purchase goods
Needed to increase cotton production

5. Cottage Industry Small, home-based businesses that produce goods
Particularly cotton textiles

6. Cottage Industry Workers buy raw materials
Spinners turn the cotton into thread
Weavers turn the thread into fabric
Family sells the cloth for profit

7. Problem! Needs a river or water source to work!
New Tech for Cotton
Spinning Jenny
Produced thread faster than could be used
Water-powered loom
Weavers now caught up with threaders
Problem! Needs a river or water source to work!

8. New Tech for Cotton Result: Improved steam engine
James Watt (1770s)
Powered by coal
Does not need to be near rivers
Increased cotton production
Creation of factories
Result:

9. The Factory More productive than cottage (machines can run constantly)
Difficult for early workers:
Not used to regular hours and repetitive tasks
Fined for being late
Children beaten with rods

10. Other Changes in Production
Puddling
Railroads
Produces high-grade iron
Massive increase in iron industry, especially in Great Britain
Required lots of iron
First steam locomotive in 1804 by Richard Trevithick
Rocket used on first public railway
Both require a lot of coal!

11. Effects of Industrialization
New jobs and demand for machinery
Owners reinvest in their businesses
UK richest, most industrial nation
1850- Produced ½ the world’s coal and manufactured goods

12. Spread of Industrialization
Britain most industrial/wealthiest country
Other European countries quickly followed
Governments helped build canals, roads, and railways
U.S. industrialization
Railroads and steam boats most important

13. Social Impact Population growth
Decline in death rates, disease, and war
Global migration due to famine and poverty
Movement to large cities
Worsened living conditions

15. New Social Classes Industrial middle-class Industrial working-class
Factory owners and machine buyers
Also called bourgeoisie
Industrial working-class
Factory workers

16. Working Conditions Long hours Dangerous
Worst conditions in cotton mills
Child labor
Women made up 50% of the workforce

17. Working Conditions Effects: Factory Act of 1833:
Minimum age for employment
Women begin staying home performing domestic tasks

18. Socialism Society controls some means of production in economy
Factories and utilities
Reaction against terrible social conditions
Early socialists were utopian (unrealistic)

19. Early Socialists