1. Updates Abound in Hyperkalemia Management

3. Normal Potassium Homeostasis

4. Normal Kidney Potassium Handling

5. Causes of Hyperkalemia

6. Pseudohyperkalemia

7. Consequences of Hyperkalemia

8. Hyperkalemia in CKD

9. Prevalence of Hyperkalemia in Patients With CKD Who Are Not on Dialysis

10. Predisposition to Hyperkalemia

11. Relationship Between Potassium Level and Risk of Mortality

12. Mortality Rate Within 1 Day of a Hyperkalemia Event

13. Predictors of Hyperkalemia[a]

14. Stepwise Approach to Evaluating and Treating Hyperkalemia

15. Pathogenesis of Hyperkalemia: RAAS and Potassium Excretion

16. To Stop or Not to Stop RAASi

17. SPS

18. Hyperkalemia Is a Fluid Continuum of Decisions Use Clinical Experience

19. Considering ECG Changes When Treating Hyperkalemia

20. Patiromer

21. Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Patiromer

22. ZS-9 (Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate)

23. Comparison of SPS, Patiromer, and ZS-9

24. ZS-9 -- Rapid Onset of Action

25. Take-Home Messages

26. Abbreviations

27. Abbreviations (cont)