1. Everyone Should Know First Aid
Chapter 1

2. Chapter 1 True/False
Individually or with a partner, read the 6 statements and write down in your notebook if you believe they are true/false. At the end of the chapter, we will revisit these.

3. Brainstorm first aid situations
With those around you, brainstorm as many situations as you can think of that may need first aid

4. If Not YOU….WHO

5. First Aid Statistics/Facts
Over 40 million injury-related visits are made to U.S. hospital emergency departments each year
Injuries result in more than 160,000 deaths in the U.S. each year
Unintentional injuries cause most childhood deaths
More than 70 million people in the U.S. have cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease causes about 700,000 deaths in the U.S. each year, which accounts for over 33% of all U.S. deaths annually
About 700,000 Americans have strokes each year and of these, more than 160,000 die from the stroke

6. The EMS System
The Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system is a network of community resources
Begins when a responsible citizen recognizes that an emergency exists and decides to take action
You call and the dispatcher determines what help is needed
Calling is the most important action you can take in an emergency situation

7. Recognizing Emergencies
Your senses –hearing, sight & smell may help you recognize an emergency. Emergencies are often signaled by something unusual that catches your attention.
Unusual sights
Stopped vehicle on roadside
Broken glass
Sparks, smoke or fire
Unusual appearances or behaviors
Unconsciousness
Confused or unusual behavior
Trouble breathing
Clutching chest or throat
Unexplainable confusion or drowsiness
Unusual odors
Odors that are stronger than usual
Unrecognizable odors
Inappropriate odors
Unusual noises
Screaming, yelling, moaning or calling for help
Breaking glass, crashing metal or screeching tires
Sudden, loud or unidentifiable sounds
Unusual silence

8. You and the Emergency Medical System
Your role in the EMS system includes four basic steps
Step 1: Recognize that an emergency exists
Usually when something unusual attracts your attention
If someone is behaving strangely, whether you know them or not

9. You and the Emergency Medical System
Step 2: Decide to Act
When you recognize an emergency has occurred, you must decide whether to help & what to do
In order to help, you must act

10. Scenarios 1-3
With a partner, look at scenarios 1-3 and answer each of the questions in your notebook

11. Factors that keep people from responding
The presence of other people
Ask if you can help.
You may be the only person who knows first aid.
Being unsure of the ill or injured person’s condition
You are more likely to care for a loved one than for someone you don’t know
Fear of catching a disease

12. How Disease Spreads
Infectious diseases spread from one person to another when germs invade the body and causes illnesses
Bacteria and viruses are most common
Bacteria: can live outside the body & don’t depend on other organisms for life.
Infections can be treated with antibiotics
Viruses depend on other organisms to live and they are hard to remove once in the body.

13. How do we become infected?
Bacteria & viruses spread from one person to another through touching, breathing, & biting
Touching
Germs from a person’s blood or other body fluids pass into your body through breaks or cuts in your skin
Through the lining of your eyes, nose, or mouth
Touch an object that has been soiled by a person’s blood or body fluids
Breathing
Common cold are transmitted by droplets in the air we breathe
Passed on through contact with shared objects
Spoons, doorknobs, pencils
Bites
Animals, including humans
Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency (HIV)
Transmitted through blood-to-blood contact

14. HIV, AIDS and You
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a condition caused by HIV
HIV damages the immune system and allows certain types of infections to develop
People with AIDS eventually die from life-threatening infections
Transmission during first aid
Unprotected direct contact with infected blood
Unprotected indirect contact with infected blood
Touch an object that contains the blood

15. Brainstorm
What are ways in which we can decrease our risk of getting or transmitting an infectious disease while giving first aid?

16. Factors that keep people from responding
Fear of doing something wrong
If you are not sure what to do, call 9-1-1
The worst thing you can do is nothing
Fear of being sued
All 50 states have enacted “Good Samaritan” laws
Being unsure of when to call 9-1-1
Not sure if it’s an emergency situation
If they’re wasting the time of the EMS

17. Good Samaritan Laws
Laws that protect people who willingly give first aid without accepting anything in return
Encourage people to help others in emergency situations
Require “Good Samaritan” to use common sense and a reasonable level of skill, & to provide only the type of emergency first aid for which they are trained
Can help without worrying about lawsuits

18. You and the Emergency Medical System
Step 3: Activate the EMS System
By calling or the local emergency number
May have to dial a number before dialing if at a certain hotel, school, stores, etc.
Step 4: Give Care Until Help Arrives
Can mean the difference between life and death

19. Getting Permission to Give Care
Before giving first aid you must have the person’s permission
Known as consent
You must tell the person:
Who you are
How much training you have
What you think is wrong
What you plan to do
Do not give care to a conscious person who refuses it
Instead, call 9-1-1
If the conscious person is a child or infant, you must gain consent from the parent
If unconscious, permission is implied so give care

20. Good Samaritan Article reflection & presentation

21. Chapter 1 Review
Read chapter 1 and answer the following questions in your notebook
Correct your true/false statements. Write down the page number that you found the answer on.